कण

See also: कोण

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कण (kaṇa).

Noun

कण • (kaṇ) m

1. speck, particle, atom

Declension

Declension of कण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कण kaṇ	कण kaṇ
oblique	कण kaṇ	कणों kaṇõ
vocative	कण kaṇ	कणो kaṇo

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “कण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 761
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “कण”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 113
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “कण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 161
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “कण”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 86.

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कण (kaṇa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kəɳ/

Noun

कण • (kaṇ) m

1. particle
2. atom

   Synonym: अणू (aṇū)

Declension

Declension of कण (masc cons-stem)

	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	कण kaṇ	कण kaṇ
oblique सामान्यरूप	कणा kaṇā	कणां- kaṇā̃-
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	कणाला kaṇālā	कणांना kaṇānnā
ergative	कणाने, कणानं kaṇāne, kaṇāna	कणांनी kaṇānnī
instrumental	कणाशी kaṇāśī	कणांशी kaṇāuśī
locative सप्तमी	कणात kaṇāt	कणांत kaṇānta
vocative संबोधन	कणा kaṇā	कणांनो kaṇānno

Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of कण (masc cons-stem)

	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	कणाचा kaṇācā	कणाचे kaṇāce	कणाची kaṇācī	कणाच्या kaṇācyā	कणाचे, कणाचं kaṇāce, kaṇāca	कणाची kaṇācī	कणाच्या kaṇācyā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	कणांचा kaṇāñcā	कणांचे kaṇāñce	कणांची kaṇāñcī	कणांच्या kaṇāñcyā	कणांचे, कणांचं kaṇāñce, kaṇāñca	कणांची kaṇāñcī	कणांच्या kaṇāñcyā

^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• धूलिकण (dhūlikaṇ, “dust particle”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “कण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কণ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬡ (Balinese script)
• কণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ကဏ (Burmese script)
• કણ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಣ (Kannada script)
• កណ (Khmer script)
• ກຓ (Lao script)
• കണ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐞 (Newa script)
• କଣ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖜 (Siddham script)
• කණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚘 (Takri script)
• கண (Tamil script)
• కణ (Telugu script)
• กณ (Thai script)
• ཀ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kánas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kánas, from Proto-Indo-European *kón-os, from *ken- (“dust, ashes”); if so, then cognate with Latin cinis, Ancient Greek κόνις (kónis). Alternatively, related to कनीयस् (kanīyas, “younger, smaller”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ́.ɳɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kɐ.ɳɐ/

Noun

कण॑ • (káṇa) stem, m

1. any minute particle, atom
2. a grain, grain of corn, single seed
3. a grain or particle (of dust)
4. flake (of snow)
5. a drop (of water)
6. a spark (of fire)
7. the spark or facet of a gem

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कण॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कणः॑ (káṇaḥ)	कणौ॑ (káṇau) कणा॑¹ (káṇā¹)	कणाः॑ (káṇāḥ) कणा॑सः¹ (káṇāsaḥ¹)
accusative	कण॑म् (káṇam)	कणौ॑ (káṇau) कणा॑¹ (káṇā¹)	कणा॑न् (káṇān)
instrumental	कणे॑न (káṇena)	कणा॑भ्याम् (káṇābhyām)	कणैः॑ (káṇaiḥ) कणे॑भिः¹ (káṇebhiḥ¹)
dative	कणा॑य (káṇāya)	कणा॑भ्याम् (káṇābhyām)	कणे॑भ्यः (káṇebhyaḥ)
ablative	कणा॑त् (káṇāt)	कणा॑भ्याम् (káṇābhyām)	कणे॑भ्यः (káṇebhyaḥ)
genitive	कण॑स्य (káṇasya)	कण॑योः (káṇayoḥ)	कणा॑नाम् (káṇānām)
locative	कणे॑ (káṇe)	कण॑योः (káṇayoḥ)	कणे॑षु (káṇeṣu)
vocative	कण॑ (káṇa)	कणौ॑ (káṇau) कणा॑¹ (káṇā¹)	कणाः॑ (káṇāḥ) कणा॑सः¹ (káṇāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Assamese: কণী (koni), কণা (kona), কনি (koni)
• Punjabi: ਕਣ (kaṇ)
• → Gujarati: કણ (kaṇ)
• → Hindi: कण (kaṇ)
• → Kannada: ಕಣ (kaṇa)
• → Malayalam: കണം (kaṇaṁ)
• → Marathi: कण (kaṇ)
• → Telugu: కణము (kaṇamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “कण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 245/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 291
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 146