गण

See also: गण्, गुण, and गुणा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गण (gaṇa).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡəɳ/, [ɡɐ̃ɳ], /ɡən/, [ɡɐ̃n]

Noun

गण • (gaṇ) m

1. flock, troop, group, company, order
2. company of men formed with common goals

   लुटेरों का गण ― luṭerõ kā gaṇ ― group of bandits

3. class (of beings or objects)
4. a body of followers or attendants
5. (in the plural) dependants, servants; attendant deities
6. (taxonomy) order
7. (prosody) a group of mantras comprising a foot
8. (grammar) collective plural marker

Declension

Declension of गण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गण gaṇ	गण gaṇ
oblique	गण gaṇ	गणों gaṇõ
vocative	गण gaṇ	गणो gaṇo

Related terms

taxonomic ranksedit

• प्रक्षेत्र (prakṣetra), अधिजगत (adhijgat)
• जगत् (jagat)
• संघ (saṅgh)
• वर्ग (varg)
• गण (gaṇ)
• कुल (kul)
• वंश (vañś)
• जाति (jāti)

• जगण (jagaṇ)
• तगण (tagaṇ)
• देवगण (devgaṇ)
• नगण (nagaṇ)
• भगण (bhagaṇ)
• यगण (yagaṇ)
• रगण (ragaṇ)
• लगण (lagaṇ)
• सगण (sagaṇ)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “गण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• gaṇa (Latin script)
• 𑀕𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• গণ (Bengali script)
• ගණ (Sinhalese script)
• ဂဏ or ၷꧣ (Burmese script)
• คณ or คะณะ (Thai script)
• ᨣᨱ (Tai Tham script)
• ຄຓ or ຄະຓະ or ຄະນະ (Lao script)
• គណ (Khmer script)
• 𑄉𑄕 (Chakma script)

Noun

गण m

1. Devanagari script form of gaṇa

Declension

Declension table of "गण" (masculine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	गणो (gaṇo)	गणा (gaṇā)
Accusative (second)	गणं (gaṇaṃ)	गणे (gaṇe)
Instrumental (third)	गणेन (gaṇena)	गणेहि (gaṇehi) or गणेभि (gaṇebhi)
Dative (fourth)	गणस्स (gaṇassa) or गणाय (gaṇāya) or गणत्थं (gaṇatthaṃ)	गणानं (gaṇānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	गणस्मा (gaṇasmā) or गणम्हा (gaṇamhā) or गणा (gaṇā)	गणेहि (gaṇehi) or गणेभि (gaṇebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	गणस्स (gaṇassa)	गणानं (gaṇānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	गणस्मिं (gaṇasmiṃ) or गणम्हि (gaṇamhi) or गणे (gaṇe)	गणेसु (gaṇesu)
Vocative (calling)	गण (gaṇa)	गणा (gaṇā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গণ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬡ (Balinese script)
• গণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ဂဏ (Burmese script)
• ગણ (Gujarati script)
• ਗਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಗಣ (Kannada script)
• គណ (Khmer script)
• ຄຓ (Lao script)
• ഗണ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐞 (Newa script)
• ଗଣ (Odia script)
• ꢔꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖜 (Siddham script)
• ගණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚘 (Takri script)
• க³ண (Tamil script)
• గణ (Telugu script)
• คณ (Thai script)
• ག་ཎ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root गण् (gaṇ, “to calculate, count”) +‎ -अ (-a)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐ.ɳɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɐ.ɳɐ/

Noun

ग॒ण • (gaṇá) stem, m

1. a flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class (of animate or inanimate beings), body of followers or attendants
2. (Hinduism) troops or classes of inferior deities (especially certain troops of demi-gods considered as Shiva's attendants and under the special superintendence of the god Ganesha)
3. a company, any assemblage or association of men formed for the attainment of the same aims
4. a small body of troops (= 3 गुल्मs or 27 chariots and as many elephants, 81 horses, and 135 foot)
5. (astronomy) a series or group of asterisms or lunar mansions classed under three heads (that of the gods, that of the men, and that of the राक्षसs)
6. (arithmetic) a number
7. (grammar) a series of roots or words following the same rule and called after the first word of the series (e.g. अद्-आदि, the g. अद् &c. or the whole series of roots of the 2nd class ; गर्गादि, the g. गर्ग &c. or the series of words commencing with गर्ग)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ग॒ण

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ग॒णः (gaṇáḥ)	ग॒णौ (gaṇáu) ग॒णा¹ (gaṇā́¹)	ग॒णाः (gaṇā́ḥ) ग॒णासः॑¹ (gaṇā́saḥ¹)
accusative	ग॒णम् (gaṇám)	ग॒णौ (gaṇáu) ग॒णा¹ (gaṇā́¹)	ग॒णान् (gaṇā́n)
instrumental	ग॒णेन॑ (gaṇéna)	ग॒णाभ्या॑म् (gaṇā́bhyām)	ग॒णैः (gaṇáiḥ) ग॒णेभिः॑¹ (gaṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	ग॒णाय॑ (gaṇā́ya)	ग॒णाभ्या॑म् (gaṇā́bhyām)	ग॒णेभ्यः॑ (gaṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	ग॒णात् (gaṇā́t)	ग॒णाभ्या॑म् (gaṇā́bhyām)	ग॒णेभ्यः॑ (gaṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	ग॒णस्य॑ (gaṇásya)	ग॒णयोः॑ (gaṇáyoḥ)	ग॒णाना॑म् (gaṇā́nām)
locative	ग॒णे (gaṇé)	ग॒णयोः॑ (gaṇáyoḥ)	ग॒णेषु॑ (gaṇéṣu)
vocative	गण॑ (gáṇa)	गणौ॑ (gáṇau) गणा॑¹ (gáṇā¹)	गणाः॑ (gáṇāḥ) गणा॑सः¹ (gáṇāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Torwali: گن (gan)
• Hindi: गण (gaṇ)
• → Khmer: គណ (kŭən)
• Pali: gaṇa
  • → Burmese: ဂိုဏ်း (guin:)
• → Old Javanese: gaṇa
  • > Javanese: ꦒꦤ (gana) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬕᬡ (gana)
• → Tamil: கணம் (kaṇam) (learned)
• → Thai: คณะ (ká-ná)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “गण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0343.