गुरु

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Hindi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुरु (guru), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɡʊ.ɾuː/

Adjective[edit]

गुरु (guru) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling گرو‎)

  1. heavy
    Synonym: भारी (bhārī)

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

गुरु (gurum (Urdu spelling گرو‎)

  1. guru, teacher, sage
  2. (astronomy) Jupiter
  3. (slang, sarcastic) a smartass

Declension[edit]

Nepali[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

गुरु (guru)

  1. teacher, guru
  2. mentor

Declension[edit]

Declension of गुरु
Singular Plural
nominative गुरु [ɡuɾu] गुरुहरू [ɡuɾuʌɾu]
accusative गुरुलाई [ɡuɾuläi] गुरुहरूलाई [ɡuɾuʌɾuläi]
instrumental/ergative गुरुले [ɡuɾule] गुरुहरूले [ɡuɾuʌɾule]
dative गुरुलाई [ɡuɾuläi] गुरुहरूलाई [ɡuɾuʌɾuläi]
ablative गुरुबाट [ɡuɾubäʈʌ] गुरुहरूबाट [ɡuɾuʌɾubäʈʌ]
genitive गुरुको [ɡuɾuko] गुरुहरूको [ɡuɾuʌɾuko]
locative गुरुमा [ɡuɾumä] गुरुहरूमा [ɡuɾuʌɾumä]
Notes:
  • -को (-ko) becomes:
    • -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun.
    • -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

References[edit]

  • गुरु”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (Nepālī Br̥hat Śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
  • Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “गुरु”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Pali[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Adjective[edit]

गुरु

  1. Devanagari script form of guru (“heavy”)

Declension[edit]

Noun[edit]

गुरु m

  1. Devanagari script form of guru (“teacher”)

Declension[edit]

Sanskrit[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (heavy). Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃 (kaurus, burdensome), Latin gravis, Persian گران(gerân).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

गुरु (gurú)

  1. heavy, weighty
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.5.6:
      इदं मे अग्ने कियते पावकामिनते गुरुं भारं न मन्म।
      बृहद्दधाथ धृषता गभीरं यह्वं पृष्ठं प्रयसा सप्तधातु॥
      idaṃ me agne kiyate pāvakāminate guruṃ bhāraṃ na manma.
      bṛhaddadhātha dhṛṣatā gabhīraṃ yahvaṃ pṛṣṭhaṃ prayasā saptadhātu.
      To me, weak, innocent, thou, luminous Agni, hast boldly given as ’twere a heavy burthen,
      This Pṛṣṭha hymn, profound and strong and mighty, of seven elements, and with offered dainties.
  2. heavy in the stomach (food), difficult to digest
  3. great, large, extended, long
  4. (in prosody) long by nature or position (a vowel)
  5. high in degree, vehement, violent, excessive, difficult, hard
  6. grievous
  7. important, serious, momentous
  8. valuable, highly prized
  9. haughty, proud (speech)
  10. venerable, respectable

Noun[edit]

गुरु (gurúm

  1. guru
  2. any venerable or respectable person (father, mother, or any relative older than oneself)
  3. master, teacher
  4. sage

Declension[edit]

Masculine u-stem declension of गुरु (gurú)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative गुरुः
gurúḥ
गुरू
gurū́
गुरवः
gurávaḥ
Vocative गुरो
gúro
गुरू
gúrū
गुरवः
gúravaḥ
Accusative गुरुम्
gurúm
गुरू
gurū́
गुरून्
gurū́n
Instrumental गुरुणा / गुर्वा¹
gurúṇā / gurvā̀¹
गुरुभ्याम्
gurúbhyām
गुरुभिः
gurúbhiḥ
Dative गुरवे / गुर्वे²
guráve / gurvè²
गुरुभ्याम्
gurúbhyām
गुरुभ्यः
gurúbhyaḥ
Ablative गुरोः / गुर्वः²
guróḥ / gurvàḥ²
गुरुभ्याम्
gurúbhyām
गुरुभ्यः
gurúbhyaḥ
Genitive गुरोः / गुर्वः²
guróḥ / gurvàḥ²
गुर्वोः
gurvóḥ
गुरूणाम्
gurūṇā́m
Locative गुरौ
guraú
गुर्वोः
gurvóḥ
गुरुषु
gurúṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Less common

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]