घास

See also: घासलेट, घासणे, घसा, and घूस

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰas-

Sanskrit घस् (ghas)

Sanskrit घास (ghāsa)

Prakrit 𑀖𑀸𑀲 (ghāsa)

Hindi घास

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀸𑀲 (ghāsa), from Sanskrit घास (ghāsa), from the root घस् (ghas, “to eat, devour”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɑːs/, [ɡʱäːs]

• Audio (Delhi):

  (file)

Noun

घास • (ghās) f (Urdu spelling گھاس)

1. grass

   घोड़े खेत में घास चर रहे हैं।

   ghoṛe khet mẽ ghās car rahe ha͠i.

   Horses are grazing on grass in the field.

   तीक्ष्ण धूप ने घास जला दी।

   tīkṣṇa dhūp ne ghās jalā dī.

   The harsh sunlight scorched the grass.

2. fodder

   Synonym: चारा (cārā)

Declension

Declension of घास (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	घास ghās	घासें ghāsẽ
oblique	घास ghās	घासों ghāsõ
vocative	घास ghās	घासो ghāso

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “घास”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “घास”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• Platts, John T. (1884), “घास”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “घास”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʱas/
• Rhymes: -as

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘑𑘰𑘭 (ghāsa, “morsel”), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀖𑀸𑀲 (ghāsa, “morsel”), from Sanskrit ग्रास (grāsa, “swallowing”). Doublet of ग्रास (grās).

Noun

घास • (ghās) m

1. a morsel; a mouthful; a bite of food

   Synonyms: कवळ (kavaḷ), ग्रास (grās)

   आईने मुलाला प्रेमाने घास भरवला.

   āīne mulālā premāne ghās bharavlā.

   The mother lovingly fed her child a morsel.

2. (dated) grist

   Synonym: दळण (daḷaṇ)

Declension

Declension of घास (masc cons-stem)

	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	घास ghās	घास ghās
oblique सामान्यरूप	घासा-3 ghāsā-3	घासां-3 ghāsā̃-3
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	घासाला, घासास1, घासाते2 ghāsālā, ghāsās1, ghāsāte2	घासांना, घासांस1, घासांते2 ghāsā̃nā, ghāsā̃sa1, ghāsā̃te2
ergative	घासाने, घासानं ghāsāne, ghāsāna	घासांनी ghāsā̃nī
instrumental	घासाशी ghāsāśī	घासांशी ghāsā̃śī
locative सप्तमी	घासात ghāsāt	घासांत ghāsā̃ta
vocative संबोधन	घासा ghāsā	घासांनो ghāsā̃no

¹Formal, or for the addressee in the beginning of a letter, or in Nagpuri dialect.
²Archaic.
³The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition.

Genitive declension of घास (masc cons-stem)

	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	घासाचा ghāsāċā	घासाचे ghāsāċe	घासाची ghāsācī	घासाच्या ghāsācā	घासाचे, घासाचं ghāsāċe, ghāsāċa	घासाची ghāsācī	घासाच्या1 ghāsācā1
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	घासांचा ghāsā̃ċā	घासांचे ghāsā̃ċe	घासांची ghāsā̃cī	घासांच्या ghāsā̃cā	घासांचे, घासांचं ghāsā̃ċe, ghāsā̃ċa	घासांची ghāsā̃cī	घासांच्या1 ghāsā̃cā1

¹For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰas-

Sanskrit घस् (ghas)

Sanskrit घास (ghāsa)

Maharastri Prakrit 𑀖𑀸𑀲 (ghāsa)

Old Marathi 𑘑𑘰𑘭 (ghāsa)

Marathi घास

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘑𑘰𑘭 (ghāsa), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀖𑀸𑀲 (ghāsa), from Sanskrit घास (ghāsa).

Noun

घास • (ghās) m (rare outside compounds)

1. grass, hay

   Synonym: गवत (gavat)

Declension

Declension of घास (masc cons-stem)

	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	घास ghās	घास ghās
oblique सामान्यरूप	घासा-3 ghāsā-3	घासां-3 ghāsā̃-3
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	घासाला, घासास1, घासाते2 ghāsālā, ghāsās1, ghāsāte2	घासांना, घासांस1, घासांते2 ghāsā̃nā, ghāsā̃sa1, ghāsā̃te2
ergative	घासाने, घासानं ghāsāne, ghāsāna	घासांनी ghāsā̃nī
instrumental	घासाशी ghāsāśī	घासांशी ghāsā̃śī
locative सप्तमी	घासात ghāsāt	घासांत ghāsā̃ta
vocative संबोधन	घासा ghāsā	घासांनो ghāsā̃no

¹Formal, or for the addressee in the beginning of a letter, or in Nagpuri dialect.
²Archaic.
³The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition.

Genitive declension of घास (masc cons-stem)

	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	घासाचा ghāsāċā	घासाचे ghāsāċe	घासाची ghāsācī	घासाच्या ghāsācā	घासाचे, घासाचं ghāsāċe, ghāsāċa	घासाची ghāsācī	घासाच्या1 ghāsācā1
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	घासांचा ghāsā̃ċā	घासांचे ghāsā̃ċe	घासांची ghāsā̃cī	घासांच्या ghāsā̃cā	घासांचे, घासांचं ghāsā̃ċe, ghāsā̃ċa	घासांची ghāsā̃cī	घासांच्या1 ghāsā̃cā1

¹For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• दशरथ घास (daśrath ghās)
• लसूण घास (lasūṇ ghās)

References

More information

Further reading

• Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “घास”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ঘাস (Assamese script)
• ᬖᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
• ঘাস (Bengali script)
• 𑰑𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀖𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• ဃာသ (Burmese script)
• ઘાસ (Gujarati script)
• ਘਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌘𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
• ꦓꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
• 𑂐𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
• ಘಾಸ (Kannada script)
• ឃាស (Khmer script)
• ຆາສ (Lao script)
• ഘാസ (Malayalam script)
• ᢚᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘑𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠾᠠᢗᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦱𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐑𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
• ଘାସ (Odia script)
• ꢕꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆔𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
• 𑖑𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
• ඝාස (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩟𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚍𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
• க⁴ாஸ (Tamil script)
• ఘాస (Telugu script)
• ฆาส (Thai script)
• གྷཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
• 𑒒𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨎𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root घस् (ghas, “to eat, consume”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɑː.sɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɑː.s̪ɐ/

Noun

घा॒स • (ghāsá) stem, m

1. food; meadow or pasture grass
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of घा॒स

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	घा॒सः (ghāsáḥ)	घा॒सौ (ghāsáu) घा॒सा¹ (ghāsā́¹)	घा॒साः (ghāsā́ḥ) घा॒सासः॑¹ (ghāsā́saḥ¹)
accusative	घा॒सम् (ghāsám)	घा॒सौ (ghāsáu) घा॒सा¹ (ghāsā́¹)	घा॒सान् (ghāsā́n)
instrumental	घा॒सेन॑ (ghāséna)	घा॒साभ्या॑म् (ghāsā́bhyām)	घा॒सैः (ghāsáiḥ) घा॒सेभिः॑¹ (ghāsébhiḥ¹)
dative	घा॒साय॑ (ghāsā́ya)	घा॒साभ्या॑म् (ghāsā́bhyām)	घा॒सेभ्यः॑ (ghāsébhyaḥ)
ablative	घा॒सात् (ghāsā́t)	घा॒साभ्या॑म् (ghāsā́bhyām)	घा॒सेभ्यः॑ (ghāsébhyaḥ)
genitive	घा॒सस्य॑ (ghāsásya)	घा॒सयोः॑ (ghāsáyoḥ)	घा॒साना॑म् (ghāsā́nām)
locative	घा॒से (ghāsé)	घा॒सयोः॑ (ghāsáyoḥ)	घा॒सेषु॑ (ghāséṣu)
vocative	घास॑ (ghā́sa)	घासौ॑ (ghā́sau) घासा॑¹ (ghā́sā¹)	घासाः॑ (ghā́sāḥ) घासा॑सः¹ (ghā́sāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri:

    Devanagari script: गासॖ (gāsụ)

    Arabic script: گاسہٕ (gāsụ)

  • Kalasha: khas
  • Khowar: گاز (gaz)
• Prakrit: 𑀖𑀸𑀲 (ghāsa)
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: घास (ghās)

      Urdu: گھاس (ghās)

  • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    • Bengali: ঘাস (ghaś)
    • Early Assamese: ঘাঁস (gha̐so)
      • Assamese: ঘাঁহ (ghãh)
    • Odia: ଘାସ (ghāsa)
    • Sylheti: ꠊꠣ (gá)
  • Northern Indo-Aryan:
    • Nepali: घाँस (ghā̃s)
  • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Kholosi: xāz
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਘਾਹ (ghāh)

      Shahmukhi script: گھاہ (ghāh)

    • Sindhi:

      Devanagari script: गाहु (gāhu)

      Arabic script: گاهه (gāhu), گاهُ (gāhu)

  • Western Indo-Aryan:
    • Gujarati: ઘાસ (ghās)
    • Romani: khas (“hay”)
• → Newar: घाँय् (ghæ̃)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “घास”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 377/1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ghāsá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press