चतुर्

See also: चतुर, चूतर, चैत्र, and चित्र

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• catur (Latin script)
• 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• চতুর্ (Bengali script)
• චතුර් (Sinhalese script)
• စတုရ် or ၸတုရ် (Burmese script)
• จตุรฺ or จะตุร (Thai script)
• ᨧᨲᩩᩁ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈຕຸຣ຺ or ຈະຕຸຣ or ຈະຕຸລ (Lao script)
• ចតុរ៑ (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄖𑄪𑄢𑄴 (Chakma script)

Alternative scripts

• catu (Latin script)
• 𑀘𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
• चतु (Devanagari script)
• চতু (Bengali script)
• චතු (Sinhalese script)
• စတု or ၸတု (Burmese script)
• จตุ or จะตุ (Thai script)
• ᨧᨲᩩ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈຕຸ or ຈະຕຸ (Lao script)
• ចតុ (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄖𑄪 (Chakma script)

Numeral

चतुर् (catur)

1. Devanagari script form of catur (“four”)

Declension

Declension table of "चतुर्" (masculine)

Case / Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	चत्तारो (cattāro) or चतुरो (caturo)
Accusative (second)	चत्तारो (cattāro) or चतुरो (caturo)
Instrumental (third)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Dative (fourth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चतूसु (catūsu) or चतुसु (catusu)

Declension table of "चतुर्" (feminine)

Case / Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	चतस्सो (catasso)
Accusative (second)	चतस्सो (catasso)
Instrumental (third)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Dative (fourth)	चतस्सन्नं (catassannaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चतस्सन्नं (catassannaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चतूसु (catūsu) or चतुसु (catusu)

Declension table of "चतुर्" (neuter)

Case / Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	चत्तारि (cattāri)
Accusative (second)	चत्तारि (cattāri)
Instrumental (third)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Dative (fourth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चतूसु (catūsu) or चतुसु (catusu)

Sanskrit

Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	४ 4	5  →
Cardinal: चतुर् (catur)     Ordinal: चतुर्थ (caturtha), तुरीय (turīya)     Adverbial: चतुस् (catus)     Multiplier: चतुर्धा (caturdhā)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চতুৰ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬢᬸᬃ (Balinese script)
• চতুর্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• စတုရ် (Burmese script)
• ચતુર્ (Gujarati script)
• ਚਤੁਰ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦠꦸꦂ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂞𑂳𑂩𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಚತುರ್ (Kannada script)
• ចតុរ៑ (Khmer script)
• ຈຕຸຣ຺ (Lao script)
• ചതുര് (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଚତୁର୍ (Odia script)
• ꢗꢡꢸꢬ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨𑖿 (Siddham script)
• චතුර් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩫𑩒𑩼 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚙𑚰𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
• சதுர் (Tamil script)
• చతుర్ (Telugu script)
• จตุรฺ (Thai script)
• ཙ་ཏུ་ར྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨙𑨃𑨫𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬭 (caθβar), Persian چهار (chehār), Old Armenian չորք (čʻorkʻ), Lithuanian keturi, Old Church Slavonic четꙑре (četyre), Latin quattuor, Old English feower (whence English four).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.túɾ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.t̪uɾ/

Numeral

चतुर् • (catúr)

1. four

Declension

Masculine root-stem declension of च॒तुर्

	plural
nominative	च॒त्वारः॑ (catvā́raḥ)
accusative	च॒तुरः॑ (catúraḥ)
instrumental	च॒तुर्भिः॑ (catúrbhiḥ)
dative	च॒तुर्भ्यः॑ (catúrbhyaḥ)
ablative	च॒तुर्भ्यः॑ (catúrbhyaḥ)
genitive	च॒तु॒र्णाम् (caturṇā́m)
locative	च॒तुर्षु॑ (catúrṣu)
vocative	चत्वा॑रः (cátvāraḥ)

Feminine ṛ-stem declension of चत॑सृ

	plural
nominative	चत॑स्रः (cátasraḥ)
accusative	चत॑स्रः (cátasraḥ)
instrumental	च॒त॒सृभिः॑ (catasṛ́bhiḥ)
dative	च॒त॒सृभ्यः॑ (catasṛ́bhyaḥ)
ablative	च॒त॒सृभ्यः॑ (catasṛ́bhyaḥ)
genitive	च॒त॒सृ॒णाम् (catasṛṇā́m)
locative	च॒त॒सृषु॑ (catasṛ́ṣu)
vocative	चत॑स्रः (cátasraḥ)

Neuter root-stem declension of च॒तुर्

	plural
nominative	च॒त्वारि॑ (catvā́ri)
accusative	च॒त्वारि॑ (catvā́ri)
instrumental	च॒तुर्भिः॑ (catúrbhiḥ)
dative	च॒तुर्भ्यः॑ (catúrbhyaḥ)
ablative	च॒तुर्भ्यः॑ (catúrbhyaḥ)
genitive	च॒तु॒र्णाम् (caturṇā́m)
locative	च॒तुर्षु॑ (catúrṣu)
vocative	चत्वा॑रि (cátvāri)

Related terms

• चत्वारिंशत् (catvāriṃśat, “forty”)

Descendants

All inherited descendants point to चत्वारस् (catvāras), the nominative plural form of चतुर् (catur).

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀭𑁄 (catpāro) (Girnar)
• Pali: catur/catu
  • → Thai: จตุร/จัตุร/จาตุร
  • → Thai: จตุ/จาตุ (cut ending -ร)
  • → Thai: จัตวา (jàt-dtà-waa)
• → Burmese: စတုတ္ထ (ca.tuthta.)
• → Malay: catur
  • Indonesian: catur
• Prakrit: 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁄 (cattāro), 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀺 (cattāri) — feminine, 𑀘𑀉𑀭𑁄 (caüro)
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Domari: štares
    • Hindustani:
      • Hindi: चार (cār)
      • Urdu: چار (cār)
  • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    • Bengali-Assamese:
      • Assamese: চাৰি (sari)
      • Bengali: চার (car)
      • Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠁꠞ (sair)
    • Odia: ଚାରି (cāri)
  • Northern Indo-Aryan:
    • Nepali: चार (cār)
  • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਰ (cār)

      Shahmukhi script: چار (cār)

    • Sindhi: چارِ (cāri)
  • Insular Indo-Aryan:
    • Sinhalese: හතර (hatara)
    • Dhivehi: ހަތަރު (hataru)
  • Southern Indo-Aryan:
    • Marathi: चार (cār)
  • Western Indo-Aryan:
    • Saurashtra: ꢗꢵꢬ꣄ (cār)
    • Gujarati: ચાર (cār)
    • Romani: śtar, shtar (Anglicized), štar (Pan-Vlax)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “चतुर्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 384, column 1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “catvā́raḥ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 252