चीन

See also: चूना, चना, चीनी, चिनी, and चैन

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna), possibly from Old Chinese 秦.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃiːn/, [t͡ʃĩːn]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) m (Urdu spelling چین)

1. China (a country in Asia)

Declension

Declension of चीन (sg-only masc cons-stem)

	singular
direct	चीन cīn
oblique	चीन cīn
vocative	चीन cīn

Derived terms

• चीनी (cīnī)

Descendants

• →? Portuguese: China
  • → English: China
  • → Hunsrik: China

See also

countries in Asia: एशिया के देश (eśiyā ke deś) (appendix)edit

• अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान (afġānistān)
• आज़र्बैजान (āzarbaijān)
• आर्मीनिया (ārmīniyā)
• इंडोनेशिया (iṇḍoneśiyā)
• इराक़ (irāq)
• इस्राइल (isrāil)
• ईरान (īrān)
• उज़्बेकिस्तान (uzbekistān)
• उत्तर कोरिया (uttar koriyā)
• ओमान (omān)
• कंबोडिया (kamboḍiyā)
• कज़ाख़स्तान (kazāxastān)
• क़तर (qatar)
• किर्गिज़स्तान (kirgizastān)
• कुवैत (kuvait)
• चीन (cīn)
• जापान (jāpān)
• जॉर्जिया (jŏrjiyā)
• जॉर्डन (jŏrḍan)
• ताइवान (tāivān)
• ताजिकिस्तान (tājikistān)
• तुर्कमेनिस्तान (turkamenistān)
• तुर्की (turkī)
• थाईलैंड (thāīlaiṇḍ)
• दक्षिण कोरिया (dakṣiṇ koriyā)
• नेपाल (nepāl)
• पाकिस्तान (pākistān)
• पूर्वी तिमोर (pūrvī timor)
• फ़िलिस्तीन (filistīn)
• फ़िलीपींस (filīpī̃s)
• बहरीन (bahrīn)
• बांग्लादेश (bāṅglādeś)
• ब्रुनेई (bruneī)
• भारत (bhārat)
• भूटान (bhūṭān)
• मंगोलिया (maṅgoliyā)
• मलेशिया (maleśiyā)
• मालदीव (māldīv)
• मिस्र (misra)
• म्यान्मार (myānmār)
• रूस (rūs)
• लाओस (lāos)
• लेबनान (lebnān)
• वियतनाम (viyatnām)
• श्रीलंका (śrīlaṅkā)
• संयुक्त अरब अमीरात (sãyukt arab amīrāt)
• सऊदी अरब (saūdī arab)
• साइप्रस (sāipras)
• सिंगापुर (siṅgāpur)
• सीरिया (sīriyā)

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ɕin/, [t͡ɕiːn]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) n

1. China (a country in Asia)

Derived terms

• चीनी (cīnī, “Chinese language”)

See also

countries in Asia: आशियातील देश (āśiyātīl deś) (appendix)edit

• अझरबैजान (aj̈harbaijān)
• अफगाणिस्तान (aphgāṇistān)
• आर्मेनिया (ārmeniyā)
• इंडोनेशिया (iṇḍoneśiyā)
• इजिप्त (ijipta)
• इराक (irāk)
• इराण (irāṇ)
• इस्रायल (isrāyal)
• उझबेकिस्तान (uj̈hbekistān)
• उत्तर कोरिया (uttar koriyā)
• ओमान (omān)
• कंबोडिया (kamboḍiyā)
• कझाकस्तान (kaj̈hākastān)
• कतार (katār)
• किर्गिझस्तान (kirgij̈hstān)
• कुवेत (kuvet)
• चीन (cīn)
• जपान (japān)
• जॉर्डन (jŏrḍan)
• ताजिकिस्तान (tājikistān)
• तुर्कमेनिस्तान (turkamenistān)
• तुर्की (turkī)
• थायलंड (thāylaṇḍa)
• दक्षिण कोरिया (dakṣiṇ koriyā)
• नेपाळ (nepāḷ)
• पाकिस्तान (pākistān)
• पूर्व तिमोर (pūrva timor)
• फिलीपाईन्स (philīpāīnsa)
• बहरैन (bahrain)
• बांगलादेश (bāṅglādeś)
• ब्रुनेई (bruneī)
• भारत (bhārat)
• भूतान (bhūtān)
• मंगोलिया (maṅgoliyā)
• मलेशिया (maleśiyā)
• मालदीव (māldīv)
• म्यानमार (myānmār)
• येमेन (yemen)
• रशिया (raśiyā)
• लाओस (lāos)
• लेबनॉन (lebnŏn)
• व्हियेतनाम (vhiyetnām)
• श्रीलंका (śrīlaṅkā)
• संयुक्त अरब अमिराती (saiyukta arab amirātī)
• सायप्रस (sāyapras)
• सिंगापूर (siṅgāpūr)
• सीरिया (sīriyā)
• सौदी अरेबिया (saudī arebiyā)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡sinʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: चिन्

Proper noun

चीन • (cīna)

1. China

Declension

Declension of चीन
	Singular
nominative	चीन [t͡sin]
accusative	चीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
instrumental/ergative	चीनले [t͡sinle]
dative	चीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
ablative	चीनबाट [t͡sinnoʈʌ]
genitive	चीनको [t͡sinko]
locative	चीनमा [t͡sinmä]
Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Newar

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiːnə]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīna) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑐷𑐣)

1. China

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• चीण (cīṇa​)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চীন (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
• চীন (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• စီန (Burmese script)
• ચીન (Gujarati script)
• ਚੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂲𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ಚೀನ (Kannada script)
• ចីន (Khmer script)
• ຈີນ (Lao script)
• ചീന (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
• ଚୀନ (Odia script)
• ꢗꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
• චීන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩑𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚯𑚝 (Takri script)
• சீந (Tamil script)
• చీన (Telugu script)
• จีน (Thai script)
• ཙཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨁𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕiː.n̪ɐ/

Etymology 1

Uncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state. Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉 / 晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state; 荊 / 荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state; or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom. See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.

Proper noun

चीन • (cīna) m

1. the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:

     पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
     पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥

     pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
     pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ.

     the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
     the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:

     तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
     बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥

     tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
     babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā.

     Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,
     His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.

   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.44.14
   • c. 200 CE, Lalitavistara Sūtra
   • c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka
   • 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चीन

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चीनः (cīnaḥ)	चीनौ (cīnau) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)	चीनाः (cīnāḥ) चीनासः¹ (cīnāsaḥ¹)
accusative	चीनम् (cīnam)	चीनौ (cīnau) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)	चीनान् (cīnān)
instrumental	चीनेन (cīnena)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनैः (cīnaiḥ) चीनेभिः¹ (cīnebhiḥ¹)
dative	चीनाय (cīnāya)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ)
ablative	चीनात् (cīnāt)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ)
genitive	चीनस्य (cīnasya)	चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ)	चीनानाम् (cīnānām)
locative	चीने (cīne)	चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ)	चीनेषु (cīneṣu)
vocative	चीन (cīna)	चीनौ (cīnau) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)	चीनाः (cīnāḥ) चीनासः¹ (cīnāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
• → Malay: Cina
  • Indonesian: Cina
• → Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
• → Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
  • Chinese: 支那 (Zhīnà)
  • → Japanese: 支那 (しな, shina)
  • → Korean: 지나 (jina)
  • → Vietnamese: Chi Na
• → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
  • Classical Persian: چین (čīn)
    • Dari: چین (čīn)
    • Iranian Persian: چین (čin)
    • Tajik: Чин (Čin)
    • → Arabic: اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn)
      • → Ancient Greek: Θῖνα (Thîna), Θῖναι (Thînai), Σῖναι (Sînai), Τζίνιστα (Tzínista)
        • → Latin: Sīna, Sinae
    • → Venetan: Cina
      • → Italian: Cina
      • → Portuguese: China
        • → English: China
        • → Dutch: China
          • → German: China
      • → Sardinian: Cina
      • → Spanish: China
        • → Tagalog: Tsina
    • → Old French: Chin
      • French: Chine
• → Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
• → Thai: จีน (jiin)
• → Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)

Etymology 2

Noun

चीन • (cīna) stem, n

1. a bandage for the corners of the eyes
   • c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā 1.18.11

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of चीन

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चीनम् (cīnam)	चीने (cīne)	चीनानि (cīnāni) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)
accusative	चीनम् (cīnam)	चीने (cīne)	चीनानि (cīnāni) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)
instrumental	चीनेन (cīnena)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनैः (cīnaiḥ) चीनेभिः¹ (cīnebhiḥ¹)
dative	चीनाय (cīnāya)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ)
ablative	चीनात् (cīnāt)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ)
genitive	चीनस्य (cīnasya)	चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ)	चीनानाम् (cīnānām)
locative	चीने (cīne)	चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ)	चीनेषु (cīneṣu)
vocative	चीन (cīna)	चीने (cīne)	चीनानि (cīnāni) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “चीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0399.