तमस

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• তমস (Assamese script)
• ᬢᬫᬲ (Balinese script)
• তমস (Bengali script)
• 𑰝𑰦𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀢𑀫𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• တမသ (Burmese script)
• તમસ (Gujarati script)
• ਤਮਸ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌤𑌮𑌸 (Grantha script)
• ꦠꦩꦱ (Javanese script)
• 𑂞𑂧𑂮 (Kaithi script)
• ತಮಸ (Kannada script)
• តមស (Khmer script)
• ຕມສ (Lao script)
• തമസ (Malayalam script)
• ᢠᠠᠮᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘝𑘦𑘭 (Modi script)
• ᢐᠠᠮᠠᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦽𑧆𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐟𑐩𑐳 (Newa script)
• ତମସ (Odia script)
• ꢡꢪꢱ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆠𑆩𑆱 (Sharada script)
• 𑖝𑖦𑖭 (Siddham script)
• තමස (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩫𑩴𑪁 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚙𑚢𑚨 (Takri script)
• தமஸ (Tamil script)
• తమస (Telugu script)
• ตมส (Thai script)
• ཏ་མ་ས (Tibetan script)
• 𑒞𑒧𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨙𑨢𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tamHas-ás (“dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *temHes-ós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (təmaŋha).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɐ.mɐ.sɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɐ.mɐ.s̪ɐ/

Adjective

त॒म॒स • (tamasá) stem

1. (Vedic) dark coloured, dark, darksome
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 11.9.22:

     ये च॒ धीरा॒ ये चाधी॑राः॒ परा॑ञ्चो बधि॒राश्च॒ ये
     त॑म॒सा ये च॑ तूप॒रा अथो॑ बस्ताभिवा॒सिनः॑।
     सर्वां॒स्ताँ अ॑र्बुदे॒ त्वम॒मित्रे॑भ्यो दृ॒शे कु॑रूदा॒रांश्च॒ प्र द॑र्शय ॥

     yé ca dhī́rā yé cā́dhīrāḥ párāñco badhirā́śca yé
     tamasā́ yé ca tūparā́ átho bastābhivāsínaḥ.
     sárvāṃstā́m̐ arbude tvámamítrebhyo dṛśé kurūdārā́ṃśca prá darśaya.

     The clever and the foolish ones, those who are twisted round, the deaf,
     The dusky-hued, the hornless goats and those whose voice is like the buck's,
     All these, O Arbudi, do thou make visible to our enemies: cause them to look on mists and fog.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of त॒म॒स

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त॒म॒सः (tamasáḥ)	त॒म॒सौ (tamasáu) त॒म॒सा¹ (tamasā́¹)	त॒म॒साः (tamasā́ḥ) त॒म॒सासः॑¹ (tamasā́saḥ¹)
accusative	त॒म॒सम् (tamasám)	त॒म॒सौ (tamasáu) त॒म॒सा¹ (tamasā́¹)	त॒म॒सान् (tamasā́n)
instrumental	त॒म॒सेन॑ (tamaséna)	त॒म॒साभ्या॑म् (tamasā́bhyām)	त॒म॒सैः (tamasáiḥ) त॒म॒सेभिः॑¹ (tamasébhiḥ¹)
dative	त॒म॒साय॑ (tamasā́ya)	त॒म॒साभ्या॑म् (tamasā́bhyām)	त॒म॒सेभ्यः॑ (tamasébhyaḥ)
ablative	त॒म॒सात् (tamasā́t)	त॒म॒साभ्या॑म् (tamasā́bhyām)	त॒म॒सेभ्यः॑ (tamasébhyaḥ)
genitive	त॒म॒सस्य॑ (tamasásya)	त॒म॒सयोः॑ (tamasáyoḥ)	त॒म॒साना॑म् (tamasā́nām)
locative	त॒म॒से (tamasé)	त॒म॒सयोः॑ (tamasáyoḥ)	त॒म॒सेषु॑ (tamaséṣu)
vocative	तम॑स (támasa)	तम॑सौ (támasau) तम॑सा¹ (támasā¹)	तम॑साः (támasāḥ) तम॑सासः¹ (támasāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of त॒म॒सा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त॒म॒सा (tamasā́)	त॒म॒से (tamasé)	त॒म॒साः (tamasā́ḥ)
accusative	त॒म॒साम् (tamasā́m)	त॒म॒से (tamasé)	त॒म॒साः (tamasā́ḥ)
instrumental	त॒म॒सया॑ (tamasáyā) त॒म॒सा¹ (tamasā́¹)	त॒म॒साभ्या॑म् (tamasā́bhyām)	त॒म॒साभिः॑ (tamasā́bhiḥ)
dative	त॒म॒सायै॑ (tamasā́yai)	त॒म॒साभ्या॑म् (tamasā́bhyām)	त॒म॒साभ्यः॑ (tamasā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	त॒म॒सायाः॑ (tamasā́yāḥ) त॒म॒सायै॑² (tamasā́yai²)	त॒म॒साभ्या॑म् (tamasā́bhyām)	त॒म॒साभ्यः॑ (tamasā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	त॒म॒सायाः॑ (tamasā́yāḥ) त॒म॒सायै॑² (tamasā́yai²)	त॒म॒सयोः॑ (tamasáyoḥ)	त॒म॒साना॑म् (tamasā́nām)
locative	त॒म॒साया॑म् (tamasā́yām)	त॒म॒सयोः॑ (tamasáyoḥ)	त॒म॒सासु॑ (tamasā́su)
vocative	तम॑से (támase)	तम॑से (támase)	तम॑साः (támasāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of त॒म॒स

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त॒म॒सम् (tamasám)	त॒म॒से (tamasé)	त॒म॒सानि॑ (tamasā́ni) त॒म॒सा¹ (tamasā́¹)
accusative	त॒म॒सम् (tamasám)	त॒म॒से (tamasé)	त॒म॒सानि॑ (tamasā́ni) त॒म॒सा¹ (tamasā́¹)
instrumental	त॒म॒सेन॑ (tamaséna)	त॒म॒साभ्या॑म् (tamasā́bhyām)	त॒म॒सैः (tamasáiḥ) त॒म॒सेभिः॑¹ (tamasébhiḥ¹)
dative	त॒म॒साय॑ (tamasā́ya)	त॒म॒साभ्या॑म् (tamasā́bhyām)	त॒म॒सेभ्यः॑ (tamasébhyaḥ)
ablative	त॒म॒सात् (tamasā́t)	त॒म॒साभ्या॑म् (tamasā́bhyām)	त॒म॒सेभ्यः॑ (tamasébhyaḥ)
genitive	त॒म॒सस्य॑ (tamasásya)	त॒म॒सयोः॑ (tamasáyoḥ)	त॒म॒साना॑म् (tamasā́nām)
locative	त॒म॒से (tamasé)	त॒म॒सयोः॑ (tamasáyoḥ)	त॒म॒सेषु॑ (tamaséṣu)
vocative	तम॑स (támasa)	तम॑से (támase)	तम॑सानि (támasāni) तम॑सा¹ (támasā¹)

• ¹Vedic