ने

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See also: ऩ, न, नृ, नै, and ন

Hindi

Etymology

  • Borrowed from Haryanvi नै (nai) (or a Rajasthani language), from Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "inc-sap" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., from Sanskrit कर्णे (karṇe), locative singular of कर्ण (karṇa, “ear”). This is the more widely accepted etymology currently, because (1) it is phonologically sound, (2) it accounts for the late occurrence of ने (ne) in Hindi and its lack in Old Hindi, and (3) it follows the pattern of postpositions being derived from the locative forms of terms for body parts, e.g. को (ko, dative postp.) < Sanskrit कक्ष (kakṣa, “armpit”).[1][2]
  • Possibly from Sanskrit -एन (-ena, instrumental case marker). This case suffix serves the same function as Hindi ने (ne) when used with past participles in Sanskrit. However the splitting of a case marker into a postposition does not occur elsewhere in Indo-Aryan and it is phonologically implausible since Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "psu" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF. has Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "psu" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E..[2]
    Sanskrit: कृष्णेन कृतम् । ― kṛṣṇena kṛtam . ― Krishna did it.
    Hindi: कृष्ण ने किया। ― kṛṣṇa ne kiyā. ― Krishna did it.

Pronunciation

Postposition

ने • (ne) (Urdu spelling نے)

  1. The marker of the ergative case with perfective-aspect transitive verbs.
    (deprecated template usage) लड़के ने किताब ख़रीदी। ― laṛke ne kitāb xarīdī. ― The boy bought a book.
    (deprecated template usage) लड़कों ने किताबें ख़रीदीं। ― laṛkõ ne kitābẽ xarīdī̃. ― The boys bought books.

Usage notes

Some Eastern Hindi dialects do not mark the ergative case at all.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Butt, Miriam, Ahmed, Tafseer (2011) “The redevelopment of Indo-Aryan case systems from a lexical semantic perspective”, in Morphology, volume 21, number 3, pages 545–572
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Reinöhl, Uta (2016) “The diverse origins of the Hindi simple postpositions”, in Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan, →ISBN

Newar

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ni-s ~ s-ni-s.

Numeral

ने • (ne)

  1. two
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