परिवार

See also: परिवारी

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परिवार (pari-vāra).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /pə.ɾɪ.ʋɑːɾ/, [pɐ.ɾɪ.ʋäːɾ]

Noun

परिवार • (parivār) m (Urdu spelling پروار)

family; household

Declension

Declension of *परिवार* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	परिवार parivār	परिवार parivār
oblique	परिवार parivār	परिवारों parivārõ
vocative	परिवार parivār	परिवारो parivāro

Synonyms

कुटुंब (kuṭumb)
कुनबा (kunbā)
ख़ानदान (xāndān)
गृहस्थी (gŕhasthī)
घराना (gharānā)

References

Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “परिवार”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 2864
Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “परिवार”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 405
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “परिवार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 609
Bahri, Hardev (1989), “परिवार”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 378.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परिवार (parivāra). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘢𑘨𑘲𑘪𑘰𑘨 (parivāra).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pə.ɾi.ʋaɾ/
Hyphenation: प‧रि‧वार
Rhymes: -aɾ

Noun

परिवार • (parivār) m

family, household
Synonym: कुटुंब (kuṭumba)
retinue
Synonym: ताफा (tāphā)

Declension

Declension of परिवार (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	परिवार parivār
direct plural	परिवार parivār
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	परिवार parivār	परिवार parivār
oblique सामान्यरूप	परिवारा parivārā	परिवारां- parivārān-
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	परिवाराला parivārālā	परिवारांना parivārānnā
ergative	परिवाराने, परिवारानं parivārāne, parivārāna	परिवारांनी parivārānnī
instrumental	परिवाराशी parivārāśī	परिवारांशी parivārānśī
locative सप्तमी	परिवारात parivārāt	परिवारांत parivārāt
vocative संबोधन	परिवारा parivārā	परिवारांनो parivārānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of परिवार (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	परिवाराचा parivārāċā	परिवाराचे parivārāċe	परिवाराची parivārācī	परिवाराच्या parivārācā	परिवाराचे, परिवाराचं parivārāċe, parivārāċa	परिवाराची parivārācī	परिवाराच्या parivārācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	परिवारांचा parivārānċā	परिवारांचे parivārānċe	परिवारांची parivārāñcī	परिवारांच्या parivārāncā	परिवारांचे, परिवारांचं parivārānċe, parivārānċa	परिवारांची parivārāñcī	परिवारांच्या parivārāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

पारिवारिक (pārivārik)
मित्र परिवार (mitra parivār)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “परिवार”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “परिवार”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “परिवार”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Nepali

Alternative forms

परिबार (paribār)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pʌɾiwär]
Phonetic Devanagari: परिवार्

Noun

परिवार • (pariwār) m

family, relatives

References

“परिवार”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎^[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “परिवार”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परिवार (parivāra).

Noun

परिवार • (parivāra) m

retinue

Descendants

Gujarati: પરવાર (parvār)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

परीवार (parīvāra)

Alternative scripts

পৰিৱাৰ (Assamese script)
ᬧᬭᬶᬯᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
পরিবার (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰨𑰰𑰪𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
ပရိဝါရ (Burmese script)
પરિવાર (Gujarati script)
ਪਰਿਵਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑌰𑌿𑌵𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦫꦶꦮꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂩𑂱𑂫𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಪರಿವಾರ (Kannada script)
បរិវារ (Khmer script)
ປຣິວາຣ (Lao script)
പരിവാര (Malayalam script)
ᢒᠠᡵᡳᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘨𑘱𑘪𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᠷᠢᠸᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑧈𑧒𑧊𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐬𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
ପରିଵାର (Odia script)
ꢦꢬꢶꢮꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆫𑆴𑆮𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖨𑖰𑖪𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
පරිවාර (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩼𑩑𑩾𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚤𑚮𑚦𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
பரிவார (Tamil script)
పరివార (Telugu script)
ปริวาร (Thai script)
པ་རི་ཝཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒩𑒱𑒫𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨫𑨁𑨭𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root परिवृ (parivṛ, “to cover, surround”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾi.ʋɑː.ɾɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾi.ʋɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

परिवार • (parivāra) stem, m

cover, covering
surroundings, train, suite, dependents, followers
sheath, scabbard
hedge round a village

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of परिवार
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	परिवारः (parivāraḥ)	परिवारौ (parivārau) परिवारा¹ (parivārā¹)	परिवाराः (parivārāḥ) परिवारासः¹ (parivārāsaḥ¹)
accusative	परिवारम् (parivāram)	परिवारौ (parivārau) परिवारा¹ (parivārā¹)	परिवारान् (parivārān)
instrumental	परिवारेण (parivāreṇa)	परिवाराभ्याम् (parivārābhyām)	परिवारैः (parivāraiḥ) परिवारेभिः¹ (parivārebhiḥ¹)
dative	परिवाराय (parivārāya)	परिवाराभ्याम् (parivārābhyām)	परिवारेभ्यः (parivārebhyaḥ)
ablative	परिवारात् (parivārāt)	परिवाराभ्याम् (parivārābhyām)	परिवारेभ्यः (parivārebhyaḥ)
genitive	परिवारस्य (parivārasya)	परिवारयोः (parivārayoḥ)	परिवाराणाम् (parivārāṇām)
locative	परिवारे (parivāre)	परिवारयोः (parivārayoḥ)	परिवारेषु (parivāreṣu)
vocative	परिवार (parivāra)	परिवारौ (parivārau) परिवारा¹ (parivārā¹)	परिवाराः (parivārāḥ) परिवारासः¹ (parivārāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: parivāra
→ Assamese: পৰিয়াল (porial)
→ Bengali: পরিবার (poribar)
→ Hindi: परिवार (parivār)
→ Kannada: ಪರಿವಾರ (parivāra)
→ Old Javanese: pariwāra
- > Javanese: ꦥꦫꦶꦮꦫ (pariwara) (inherited)
  - → Indonesian: pariwara
→ Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘨𑘲𑘪𑘰𑘨 (parivāra)
- Marathi: परिवार (parivār)
→ Tamil: பரிவாரம் (parivāram)
→ Thai: บริวาร (bɔɔ-rí-waan)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “परिवार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 601, column 2.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “parivāra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 444
Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “parivāra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.