पाठ

See also: पीठ and पेठ

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पाठ (pāṭha).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /pɑːʈʰ/, [päːʈʰ]

Noun

पाठ • (pāṭh) m

1. learning, reading; memorization

   Synonym: पढ़ाई (paṛhāī)

2. lesson

Declension

Declension of पाठ (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पाठ pāṭh	पाठ pāṭh
oblique	पाठ pāṭh	पाठों pāṭhõ
vocative	पाठ pāṭh	पाठो pāṭho

Derived terms

• पाठशाला (pāṭhśālā)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “पाठ”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paʈʰ/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘢𑘰𑘘 (pāṭa), 𑘢𑘰𑘙𑘲 (pāṭhī), from Sanskrit पृष्टि (pṛṣṭi). Cognate with Konkani फाट (fāṭ), Gujarati પીઠ (pīṭh), Hindi पीठ (pīṭh), Odia ପିଠି (piṭhi), Assamese পিঠি (pithi).

Noun

पाठ • (pāṭh) f

1. (anatomy) back (rear of the body)

Declension

Declension of पाठ (fem cons-stem)

	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	पाठ pāṭh	पाठी pāṭhī
oblique सामान्यरूप	पाठी-3 pāṭhī-3	पाठीं-3 pāṭhī̃-3
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	पाठीला, पाठीस1, पाठीते2 pāṭhīlā, pāṭhīs1, pāṭhīte2	पाठींना, पाठींस1, पाठींते2 pāṭhī̃nā, pāṭhī̃sa1, pāṭhī̃te2
ergative	पाठीने, पाठीनं pāṭhīne, pāṭhīna	पाठींनी pāṭhī̃nī
instrumental	पाठीशी pāṭhīśī	पाठींशी pāṭhī̃śī
locative सप्तमी	पाठीत pāṭhīt	पाठींत pāṭhī̃ta
vocative संबोधन	पाठी pāṭhī	पाठींनो pāṭhī̃no

¹Formal, or for the addressee in the beginning of a letter, or in Nagpuri dialect.
²Archaic.
³The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition.

Genitive declension of पाठ (fem cons-stem)

	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	पाठीचा pāṭhīċā	पाठीचे pāṭhīċe	पाठीची pāṭhīcī	पाठीच्या pāṭhīcā	पाठीचे, पाठीचं pāṭhīċe, pāṭhīċa	पाठीची pāṭhīcī	पाठीच्या1 pāṭhīcā1
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	पाठींचा pāṭhī̃ċā	पाठींचे pāṭhī̃ċe	पाठींची pāṭhī̃cī	पाठींच्या pāṭhī̃cā	पाठींचे, पाठींचं pāṭhī̃ċe, pāṭhī̃ċa	पाठींची pāṭhī̃cī	पाठींच्या1 pāṭhī̃cā1

¹For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit पाठ (pāṭha).

Noun

पाठ • (pāṭh) m

1. memorization
2. lesson

   Synonym: धडा (dhaḍā)

3. roting

Declension

Declension of पाठ (masc cons-stem)

	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	पाठ pāṭh	पाठ pāṭh
oblique सामान्यरूप	पाठा pāṭhā	पाठां- pāṭhā̃
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	पाठाला pāṭhālā	पाठांना pāṭhānnā
ergative	पाठाने, पाठानं pāṭhāne, pāṭhāna	पाठांनी pāṭhānnī
instrumental	पाठाशी pāṭhāśī	पाठांशी pāṭhāuśī
locative सप्तमी	पाठात pāṭhāt	पाठांत pāṭhānta
vocative संबोधन	पाठा pāṭhā	पाठांनो pāṭhānno

Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of पाठ (masc cons-stem)

	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	पाठाचा pāṭhācā	पाठाचे pāṭhāce	पाठाची pāṭhācī	पाठाच्या pāṭhācyā	पाठाचे, पाठाचं pāṭhāce, pāṭhāca	पाठाची pāṭhācī	पाठाच्या pāṭhācyā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	पाठांचा pāṭhāñcā	पाठांचे pāṭhāñce	पाठांची pāṭhāñcī	पाठांच्या pāṭhāñcyā	पाठांचे, पाठांचं pāṭhāñce, pāṭhāñca	पाठांची pāṭhāñcī	पाठांच्या pāṭhāñcyā

^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• पाठ करणे (pāṭh karṇe, “to rote, to memorize”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “पाठ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “पाठ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “pr̥ṣṭí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पाठ (pāṭha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [päʈʰ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: पाठ्

Noun

पाठ • (pāṭh)

1. lesson
2. instruction

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পাঠ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬵᬞ (Balinese script)
• পাঠ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰯𑰙 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀸𑀞 (Brahmi script)
• ပါဌ (Burmese script)
• પાઠ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਾਠ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌾𑌠 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦴꦜ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂰𑂘 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಾಠ (Kannada script)
• បាឋ (Khmer script)
• ປາຐ (Lao script)
• പാഠ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡱᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘰𑘙 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᢗᢍᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧑𑦹 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐵𑐛 (Newa script)
• ପାଠ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢵꢝ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆳𑆜 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖯𑖙 (Siddham script)
• පාඨ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩛𑩧 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚭𑚕 (Takri script)
• பாட² (Tamil script)
• పాఠ (Telugu script)
• ปาฐ (Thai script)
• པཱ་ཋ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒰𑒚 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨊𑨕 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of पठ् (paṭh) +‎ -अ (-a). Related to पठति (paṭhati).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ʈʰɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ʈʰɐ/

Noun

पाठ • (pāṭha) stem, m

1. recitation, recital
2. reading, perusal, study (especially of sacred texts)
3. a particular method of reciting the text of the Veda
4. the text of a book
5. the reading (of a text)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पाठ

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पाठः (pāṭhaḥ)	पाठौ (pāṭhau) पाठा¹ (pāṭhā¹)	पाठाः (pāṭhāḥ) पाठासः¹ (pāṭhāsaḥ¹)
accusative	पाठम् (pāṭham)	पाठौ (pāṭhau) पाठा¹ (pāṭhā¹)	पाठान् (pāṭhān)
instrumental	पाठेन (pāṭhena)	पाठाभ्याम् (pāṭhābhyām)	पाठैः (pāṭhaiḥ) पाठेभिः¹ (pāṭhebhiḥ¹)
dative	पाठाय (pāṭhāya)	पाठाभ्याम् (pāṭhābhyām)	पाठेभ्यः (pāṭhebhyaḥ)
ablative	पाठात् (pāṭhāt)	पाठाभ्याम् (pāṭhābhyām)	पाठेभ्यः (pāṭhebhyaḥ)
genitive	पाठस्य (pāṭhasya)	पाठयोः (pāṭhayoḥ)	पाठानाम् (pāṭhānām)
locative	पाठे (pāṭhe)	पाठयोः (pāṭhayoḥ)	पाठेषु (pāṭheṣu)
vocative	पाठ (pāṭha)	पाठौ (pāṭhau) पाठा¹ (pāṭhā¹)	पाठाः (pāṭhāḥ) पाठासः¹ (pāṭhāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: pāṭha
• → Hindi: पाठ (pāṭh)
• → Malayalam: പാഠം (pāṭhaṁ)
• → Marathi: पाठ (pāṭh)
• → Nepali: पाठ (pāṭh)
• → Old Javanese: pāṭha
• → Punjabi: ਪਾਠ (pāṭha)
• → Tamil: பாடம் (pāṭam)
  • → Sinhalese: පාඩම (pāḍama)
• → Telugu: పాఠము (pāṭhamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “पाठ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 615, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “pāṭha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 453

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “pāṭha”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.