यज्ञ

Hindi

यज्ञ

Alternative forms

• जग्य (jagya) — semi-learned

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit यज्ञ (yajñá). Doublet of यस्न (yasna), जशन (jaśan), and जग्य (jagya). Related to जनेऊ (janeū).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /jəd͡ʒ.ɲᵊ/, [jɐɡ.jᵊ]

Noun

यज्ञ • (yajña) m

1. (Hinduism) yajna, sacrifice, oblation

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:हवन

Declension

Declension of यज्ञ (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	यज्ञ yajña	यज्ञ yajña
oblique	यज्ञ yajña	यज्ञों yajñõ
vocative	यज्ञ yajña	यज्ञो yajño

Related terms

• यज्ञीय (yajñīya)
• याज्ञ (yājña)
• याज्ञिक (yājñik)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “यज्ञ”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4054
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “यज्ञ”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 626
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “यज्ञ”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 840
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “यज्ञ”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 527.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• যজ্ঞ (Assamese script)
• ᬬᬚ᭄ᬜ (Balinese script)
• যজ্ঞ (Bengali script)
• 𑰧𑰕𑰿𑰗 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀬𑀚𑁆𑀜 (Brahmi script)
• ယဇ္ဉ (Burmese script)
• યજ્ઞ (Gujarati script)
• ਯਜ੍ਞ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌯𑌜𑍍𑌞 (Grantha script)
• ꦪꦘ (Javanese script)
• 𑂨𑂔𑂹𑂖 (Kaithi script)
• ಯಜ್ಞ (Kannada script)
• យជ្ញ (Khmer script)
• ຍຊ຺ຎ (Lao script)
• യജ്ഞ (Malayalam script)
• ᠶᠠᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘧𑘕𑘿𑘗 (Modi script)
• ᠶ᠋ᠠᠽᡛᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧇𑦵𑧠𑦷 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐫𑐖𑑂𑐘 (Newa script)
• ଯଜ୍ଞ (Odia script)
• ꢫꢙ꣄ꢛ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆪𑆘𑇀𑆚 (Sharada script)
• 𑖧𑖕𑖿𑖗 (Siddham script)
• යඥ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩻𑩣 𑪙𑩥 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚣𑚑𑚶𑚓 (Takri script)
• யஜ்ஞ (Tamil script)
• యజ్ఞ (Telugu script)
• ยชฺญ (Thai script)
• ཡ་ཛྙ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒨𑒖𑓂𑒘 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨪𑨥𑩇𑨓 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyaȷ́nás

Sanskrit य॒ज्ञ

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyaȷ́nás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-nós, from the root *h₁yaǵ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 (yasna, “act of worship”), Latin ieiunus (“fasting, abstinent”), Persian جشن (jašn, “festival”). By surface analysis, from the root यज् (yaj) +‎ -न (-na).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐd͡ʑ.ɲɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɐd͡ʑ.ɲɐ/

Noun

य॒ज्ञ • (yajñá) stem, m

1. worship, devotion, prayer, praise
2. act of worship or devotion, offering, oblation, sacrifice
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.1.1:

     अ॒ग्निमी॑ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विज॑म् ।
     होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मम् ॥

     agnímīḷe puróhitaṃ yajñásya devámṛtvíjam.
     hótāraṃ ratnadhā́tamam.

     I glorify Agni, the high priest of the sacrifice, the divine, the ministrant,
     who presents the oblation to the gods, and is possessor of great wealth

3. a worshipper, sacrificer
4. fire (L.)
5. Sacrifice personified

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of य॒ज्ञ

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	य॒ज्ञः (yajñáḥ)	य॒ज्ञौ (yajñáu) य॒ज्ञा¹ (yajñā́¹)	य॒ज्ञाः (yajñā́ḥ) य॒ज्ञासः॑¹ (yajñā́saḥ¹)
accusative	य॒ज्ञम् (yajñám)	य॒ज्ञौ (yajñáu) य॒ज्ञा¹ (yajñā́¹)	य॒ज्ञान् (yajñā́n)
instrumental	य॒ज्ञेन॑ (yajñéna) य॒ज्ञा¹ (yajñā́¹)	य॒ज्ञाभ्या॑म् (yajñā́bhyām)	य॒ज्ञैः (yajñáiḥ) य॒ज्ञेभिः॑¹ (yajñébhiḥ¹)
dative	य॒ज्ञाय॑ (yajñā́ya)	य॒ज्ञाभ्या॑म् (yajñā́bhyām)	य॒ज्ञेभ्यः॑ (yajñébhyaḥ)
ablative	य॒ज्ञात् (yajñā́t)	य॒ज्ञाभ्या॑म् (yajñā́bhyām)	य॒ज्ञेभ्यः॑ (yajñébhyaḥ)
genitive	य॒ज्ञस्य॑ (yajñásya)	य॒ज्ञयोः॑ (yajñáyoḥ)	य॒ज्ञाना॑म् (yajñā́nām)
locative	य॒ज्ञे (yajñé)	य॒ज्ञयोः॑ (yajñáyoḥ)	य॒ज्ञेषु॑ (yajñéṣu)
vocative	यज्ञ॑ (yájña)	यज्ञौ॑ (yájñau) यज्ञा॑¹ (yájñā¹)	यज्ञाः॑ (yájñāḥ) यज्ञा॑सः¹ (yájñāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• दे॒व॒य॒ज्ञ (devayajñá)
• पा॒क॒य॒ज्ञ (pākayajñá)
• पि॒तृ॒य॒ज्ञ (pitṛyajñá)
• ब्र॒ह्म॒य॒ज्ञ (brahmayajñá)
• भूतयज्ञ (bhūtayajña)
• म॒नु॒ष्य॒य॒ज्ञ (manuṣyayajñá)
• यज्ञोपवीत (yajñopavīta, “sacred thread”)
• याज्ञ॑वल्क्य (yā́jñavalkya)

Descendants

• Pali: yañña
• Prakrit: 𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡 (jaṇṇa)
• → Assamese: যগ্গু (zoggu) (semi-learned)
• → Balinese: yadnya
• → English: yajna, yajña, yagna, yadnya, yagnya, yagya
• → Gujarati: યાગ (yāg) (semi-learned)
• → Indonesian: yadnya
• → Javanese: yadnya
• → Punjabi: (semi-learned)

  Gurmukhi script: ਯੱਗ (yagga)

  Shahmukhi script: یگّ (yagg)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “यज्ञ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 839, column 2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 394
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “yajñá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 601