विना

See also: वन and बिना

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विना (vínā). Doublet of बिना (binā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʋɪ.nɑː/, [ʋɪ.n̪äː]

Particle

विना • (vinā) (Urdu spelling وِنَا‎)

1. (rare, formal) without, lacking

   Synonyms: बग़ैर (baġair), बिना (binā)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “विना”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬯᬶᬦᬵ (Balinese script)
• ৱিনা (Assamese script)
• বিনা (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰰𑰡𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀺𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌵𑌿𑌨𑌾 (Grantha script)
• વિના (Gujarati script)
• ꦮꦶꦤꦴ (Javanese script)
• វិនា (Khmer script)
• ವಿನಾ (Kannada script)
• ວິນາ (Lao script)
• വിനാ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘪𑘱𑘡𑘰 (Modi script)
• ဝိနာ (Burmese script)
• 𑧊𑧒𑧁𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐶𑐣𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଵିନା (Oriya script)
• ꢮꢶꢥꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆴𑆤𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖰𑖡𑖯 (Siddham script)
• వినా (Telugu script)
• วินา (Thai script)
• ཝིནཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒱𑒢𑒰 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From वि- (ví-) +‎, plus an uncertain second element which has been theorized to be a fossilized Proto-Indo-European ablative suffix *-neh₁, related to Proto-Germanic *-nē (cf. *-anē, *fanē) and perhaps Latin *-nē in supernē. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋí.nɑː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋi.n̪ɑː/

Postposition

विना • (vínā)

1. without, except [+accusative instrumental ablative]

   त्वां विना न गमिष्यामि।

   tvāṃ vinā na gamiṣyāmi.

   I will not go without you.

Usage notes

The word preceding विना (vinā) is usually inflected in instrumental case. For example, त्वया विना (without you), मया विना (without me), etc. However, at times depending on the context, that word can be inflected in accusative or ablative case too.

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀡𑀸 (viṇā)
  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari: विण (viṇa), विन (vina), वीण (vīṇa)

    Modi: 𑘪𑘲𑘜 (vīṇa), 𑘪𑘲𑘡 (vīna)

    • Marathi: बिन- (bin-)
• Paisaci Prakrit: [Term?]
  • Takka Apabhramsa: [Term?]
    • Punjabi: [Term?]

      Gurmukhi: ਬਿਨ (bin)

      Shahmukhi: بِن‎ (bin)

  • Vracada Apabhramsa: [Term?]
    • Kachchi: વિણ- (viṇa-)
    • Sindhi:

      Arabic: بِنَا‎

      Devanagari: बिना

• Pali: vinā
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀡𑀸 (viṇā)
  • Gurjar Apabhramsa: [Term?]
    • Old Gujarati: [Term?]
      • Gujarati: વણ- (vaṇa-)
      • Mewari: वना (vanā)
    • Sauraseni Apabhramsa: [Term?]
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: बिना (binā)

        Urdu: بِنَا‎ (binā)

    • Romani: bi

Borrowed terms

• Assamese: বিনা (bina)
• Bengali: বিনা (bina)
• Gujarati: વિના (vinā)
• Hindustani:

  Hindi: विना (vinā)

  Urdu: وِنَا‎ (vinā)

• Kannada: ವಿನಾ (vinā)
• Old Marathi:

  Devanagari: विना (vinā)

  Modi: 𑘪𑘲𑘡𑘰 (vīnā)

  • → Marathi: विना (vinā)
• Sinhalese: විනා (winā)
• Telugu: వినా (vinā)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “विना”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 969.
• “वि॑ना” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 498.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “vínā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 557
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “vínā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press