वीर
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Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वीर (vīra). Doublet of बीर (bīr).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]वीर • (vīr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ویر)
Noun
[edit]वीर • (vīr) m (Urdu spelling ویر)
Declension
[edit]Declension of वीर (masc cons-stem)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “वीर”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “वीर”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “वीर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Kashmiri
[edit]Noun
[edit]वीर • (wīr) m (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)
- a hero
Noun
[edit]वीर • (wīr) f (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Marathi वीर (vīra), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra), from Sanskrit वीर (vīra).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]वीर • (vīr)
Noun
[edit]वीर • (vīr) m
- hero, warrior, champion
- (literature, drama, dance) heroism — one of the eight rasas
Declension
[edit]Declension of वीर (masc cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
वीर vīr | ||
direct plural |
वीर vīr | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
वीर vīr |
वीर vīr | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
वीरा vīrā |
वीरां- vīrān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
वीराला vīrālā |
वीरांना vīrānnā | |
ergative | वीराने, वीरानं vīrāne, vīrāna |
वीरांनी vīrānnī | |
instrumental | वीराशी vīrāśī |
वीरांशी vīrānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
वीरात vīrāt |
वीरांत vīrāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
वीरा vīrā |
वीरांनो vīrānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of वीर (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
वीराचा vīrāċā |
वीराचे vīrāċe |
वीराची vīrācī |
वीराच्या vīrācā |
वीराचे, वीराचं vīrāċe, vīrāċa |
वीराची vīrācī |
वीराच्या vīrācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
वीरांचा vīrānċā |
वीरांचे vīrānċe |
वीरांची vīrāñcī |
वीरांच्या vīrāncā |
वीरांचे, वीरांचं vīrānċe, vīrānċa |
वीरांची vīrāñcī |
वीरांच्या vīrāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “वीर”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “वीर”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Adjective
[edit]वीर
- Devanagari script form of vīra
Noun
[edit]वीर m
- Devanagari script form of vīra
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ৱীৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
- বীর (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဝီရ (Burmese script)
- વીર (Gujarati script)
- ਵੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ವೀರ (Kannada script)
- វីរ (Khmer script)
- ວີຣ (Lao script)
- വീര (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଵୀର (Odia script)
- ꢮꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
- වීර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
- வீர (Tamil script)
- వీర (Telugu script)
- วีร (Thai script)
- ཝཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás (“man”), from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra), Latin vir (“man”), Lithuanian výras, Old Irish fer, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair), Old Norse verr, Old English wer (whence English wer).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]वीर • (vīrá) stem, m
- a man, especially a brave or eminent man, hero, chief
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.7.3:
- त्वद्विप्रो॑ जायते वा॒ज्य॑ग्ने॒ त्वद्वी॒रासो॑ अभिमाति॒षाह॑:।
वैश्वा॑नर॒ त्वम॒स्मासु॑ धेहि॒ वसू॑नि राजन्त्स्पृह॒याय्या॑णि॥- tvádvípro jāyate vājyàgne tvádvīrā́so abhimātiṣā́ha:.
vaíśvānara tvámasmā́su dhehi vásūni rājantspṛhayā́yyāṇi. - The offerer of (sacrificial) food becomes wise, Agni, from you heroes become the vanquishers of foes; therefore, do you, royal vaiśvānara, bestow upon us enviable riches.
- tvádvípro jāyate vājyàgne tvádvīrā́so abhimātiṣā́ha:.
- त्वद्विप्रो॑ जायते वा॒ज्य॑ग्ने॒ त्वद्वी॒रासो॑ अभिमाति॒षाह॑:।
- husband
- male child, son
- the male of an animal
- heroism
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of वीर (vīrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | वीरः vīráḥ |
वीरौ / वीरा¹ vīraú / vīrā́¹ |
वीराः / वीरासः¹ vīrā́ḥ / vīrā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | वीर vī́ra |
वीरौ / वीरा¹ vī́rau / vī́rā¹ |
वीराः / वीरासः¹ vī́rāḥ / vī́rāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | वीरम् vīrám |
वीरौ / वीरा¹ vīraú / vīrā́¹ |
वीरान् vīrā́n |
Instrumental | वीरेण vīréṇa |
वीराभ्याम् vīrā́bhyām |
वीरैः / वीरेभिः¹ vīraíḥ / vīrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | वीराय vīrā́ya |
वीराभ्याम् vīrā́bhyām |
वीरेभ्यः vīrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | वीरात् vīrā́t |
वीराभ्याम् vīrā́bhyām |
वीरेभ्यः vīrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | वीरस्य vīrásya |
वीरयोः vīráyoḥ |
वीराणाम् vīrā́ṇām |
Locative | वीरे vīré |
वीरयोः vīráyoḥ |
वीरेषु vīréṣu |
Notes |
|
Derived terms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]वीर • (vīrá) stem
Borrowed terms
[edit]- → Hindi: वीर (vīr)
- → Indonesian: wira
- → Javanese: wira
- → Kannada: ವೀರ (vīra)
- → Malay: wira
- → Malayalam: വീരം (vīraṁ)
- → Tamil: வீரம் (vīram), வீரன் (vīraṉ)
- → Telugu: వీర (vīra), వీరము (vīramu) వీరుడు (vīruḍu)
Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (bīra, “male, he-goat”)
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (heriu, “husband”)
- Kalami: [script needed] (bīr, “he-goat”)
- Kalasha: [script needed] (bīra, “male, he-goat”), [script needed] (birãe, “male”)
- Kashmiri: ویٖر (vīr, “brave man”)
- Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (bīro, “male”)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (wīr, “man”)
- Phalura: [script needed] (bhīrɔ̄, “male”), [script needed] (bhīro, “he-goat”)
- Shina: [script needed] (bīro, “male”)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (bir, “male”)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
- Pali: vīra
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “वीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1005/2-3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 569-70
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vīrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
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- Rhymes:Hindi/iːɾ
- Rhymes:Hindi/iːɾ/1 syllable
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- mr:Literature
- mr:Drama
- mr:Dance
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- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyh₁-
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