वृक्ष

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋɾɪkʂ/, [ʋɾɪkʃ]

Noun

वृक्ष • (vŕkṣ) m

1. tree

   Synonyms: दरख़्त (daraxt), पादप (pādap), पेड़ (peṛ)

Declension

Declension of वृक्ष (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	वृक्ष vŕkṣ	वृक्ष vŕkṣ
oblique	वृक्ष vŕkṣ	वृक्षों vŕkṣõ
vocative	वृक्ष vŕkṣ	वृक्षो vŕkṣo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “वृक्ष”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa). Compare Gujarati વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ), Kannada ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa), Bengali বৃক্ষ (brikkho).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɾuk.ʂə/

Noun

वृक्ष • (vrukṣa) m

1. (botany) tree

   Synonym: झाड (j̈hāḍ)

Declension

Declension of वृक्ष (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	वृक्ष vrukṣa
direct plural	वृक्ष vrukṣa
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	वृक्ष vrukṣa		वृक्ष vrukṣa
oblique सामान्यरूप	वृक्षा vrukṣā		वृक्षां- vrukṣān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	वृक्षाला vrukṣālā		वृक्षांना vrukṣānnā
ergative	वृक्षाने, वृक्षानं vrukṣāne, vrukṣāna		वृक्षांनी vrukṣānnī
instrumental	वृक्षाशी vrukṣāśī		वृक्षांशी vrukṣānśī
locative सप्तमी	वृक्षात vrukṣāt		वृक्षांत vrukṣāt
vocative संबोधन	वृक्षा vrukṣā		वृक्षांनो vrukṣānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of वृक्ष (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	वृक्षाचा vrukṣāċā	वृक्षाचे vrukṣāċe	वृक्षाची vrukṣācī	वृक्षाच्या vrukṣācā	वृक्षाचे, वृक्षाचं vrukṣāċe, vrukṣāċa	वृक्षाची vrukṣācī	वृक्षाच्या vrukṣācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	वृक्षांचा vrukṣānċā	वृक्षांचे vrukṣānċe	वृक्षांची vrukṣāñcī	वृक्षांच्या vrukṣāncā	वृक्षांचे, वृक्षांचं vrukṣānċe, vrukṣānċa	वृक्षांची vrukṣāñcī	वृक्षांच्या vrukṣāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “वृक्ष”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “वृक्ष”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “वृक्ष”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱৃক্ষ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬺᬓ᭄ᬱ (Balinese script)
• বৃক্ষ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰴𑰎𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀾𑀓𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
• ဝၖက္ၑ (Burmese script)
• વૃક્ષ (Gujarati script)
• ਵ੍ਰਕ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍃𑌕𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦽꦏ꧀ꦰ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑃂𑂍𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
• ವೃಕ್ಷ (Kannada script)
• វ្ឫក្ឞ (Khmer script)
• ວ຺ຣິກ຺ຩ (Lao script)
• വൃക്ഷ (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡵᡳᡬᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘵𑘎𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠷᠢᢉᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧖𑦮𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐺𑐎𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
• ଵୃକ୍ଷ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢺꢒ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆸𑆑𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖴𑖎𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
• වෘක්‍ෂ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩙𑩜 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
• வ்ரிக்ஷ (Tamil script)
• వృక్ష (Telugu script)
• วฺฤกฺษ (Thai script)
• ཝྲྀ་ཀྵ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒵𑒏𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨋𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás (“tree”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀 (var^əša).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩k.ʂɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩k.ʂɐ/

Noun

वृक्ष • (vṛkṣá) stem, m

1. a tree, (especially) any tree bearing visible flowers and fruit, but also applied to any tree and other plants, often in the sense of wood
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.24.3:

     अक्षो॒ न च॒क्र्योः॑ शूर बृ॒हन्प्र ते॑ म॒ह्ना रि॑रिचे॒ रोद॑स्योः ।
     वृ॒क्षस्य॒ नु ते॑ पुरुहूत व॒या व्यू॒३॒॑तयो॑ रुरुहुरिन्द्र पू॒र्वीः ॥

     ákṣo ná cakryòḥ śūra bṛhánprá te mahnā́ ririce ródasyoḥ.
     vṛkṣásya nú te puruhūta vayā́ vyū̀táyo ruruhurindra pūrvī́ḥ.

     The lofty axle of thy wheels, O Hero, is not surpassed by heaven and earth in greatness.
     Like branches of a tree, O thou Invoked by many, manifold assistance spring forth from thee, O Indra.

2. tree trunk
3. coffin
4. the staff of a bow
5. Wrightia antidysenterica

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृक्ष

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वृक्षः (vṛkṣáḥ)	वृक्षौ (vṛkṣaú) वृक्षा¹ (vṛkṣā́¹)	वृक्षाः (vṛkṣā́ḥ) वृक्षासः¹ (vṛkṣā́saḥ¹)
vocative	वृक्ष (vṛ́kṣa)	वृक्षौ (vṛ́kṣau) वृक्षा¹ (vṛ́kṣā¹)	वृक्षाः (vṛ́kṣāḥ) वृक्षासः¹ (vṛ́kṣāsaḥ¹)
accusative	वृक्षम् (vṛkṣám)	वृक्षौ (vṛkṣaú) वृक्षा¹ (vṛkṣā́¹)	वृक्षान् (vṛkṣā́n)
instrumental	वृक्षेण (vṛkṣéṇa)	वृक्षाभ्याम् (vṛkṣā́bhyām)	वृक्षैः (vṛkṣaíḥ) वृक्षेभिः¹ (vṛkṣébhiḥ¹)
dative	वृक्षाय (vṛkṣā́ya)	वृक्षाभ्याम् (vṛkṣā́bhyām)	वृक्षेभ्यः (vṛkṣébhyaḥ)
ablative	वृक्षात् (vṛkṣā́t)	वृक्षाभ्याम् (vṛkṣā́bhyām)	वृक्षेभ्यः (vṛkṣébhyaḥ)
genitive	वृक्षस्य (vṛkṣásya)	वृक्षयोः (vṛkṣáyoḥ)	वृक्षाणाम् (vṛkṣā́ṇām)
locative	वृक्षे (vṛkṣé)	वृक्षयोः (vṛkṣáyoḥ)	वृक्षेषु (vṛkṣéṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀼𑀔 (lukha /⁠lukkha⁠/), *𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*rukkha)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: रुख (rukh)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
    • Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘏 (rukha), 𑘨𑘳𑘽𑘏 (ruṃkha)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi: ਰੁੱਖ / رُکھ (rukkha)
  • Prakrit:
    • Sylheti: ꠞꠥꠇ (ruk)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
    • Romani: rukh
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑁆𑀭𑀙 (vracha)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙 (vaccha)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ރުއް (ruk̊)
  • Sinhalese: රුක (ruka)
• Pali: rukkha
  • Burmese: ရုက္ခ (rukhka.)
  • Thai: รุกข

Borrowed

• → Bengali: বৃক্ষ (brikkho)
• → Gujarati: વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ)
• → Hindi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣ)
• → Kannada: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)
• → Malayalam: വൃക്ഷം (vr̥kṣaṁ)
• → Old Khmer: briksā
  • → Thai: พฤกษา (prʉ́k-sǎa)
  • → Khmer: ព្រឹក្សា (prɨksaa)
• → Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘿𑘨𑘲𑘎𑘿𑘬 (vrīkṣa)
  • → Marathi: वृक्ष (vrukṣa)
• → Odia: ବୃକ୍ଷ (br̥kṣa)
• → Tamil: விருக்ஷம் (virukṣam)
• → Telugu: వృక్షము (vr̥kṣamu)
• → Thai: พฤกษ์ (prʉ́k), พฤกษ (prʉ́k-sà-)
• → Tulu: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “वृक्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1008/2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “vṛkṣa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.