शृङ्खल

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• शृङ्खला (śṛṅkhalā)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শৃঙ্খল (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬺᬗ᭄ᬔᬮ (Balinese script)
• শৃঙ্খল (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰴𑰒𑰿𑰏𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀾𑀗𑁆𑀔𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• ၐၖင်္ခလ (Burmese script)
• શૃઙ્ખલ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼੍ਹਙੑਖਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍃𑌙𑍍𑌖𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦽꦔ꧀ꦑꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑃂𑂑𑂹𑂎𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಶೃಙ್ಖಲ (Kannada script)
• ឝ្ឫង្ខល (Khmer script)
• ຨ຺ຣິງ຺ຂລ (Lao script)
• ശൃങ്ഖല (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡵᡳᢛᡘᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘵𑘒𑘿𑘏𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠷᠢᢊᠻᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧖𑦲𑧠𑦯𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐺𑐒𑑂𑐏𑐮 (Newa script)
• ଶୃଙ୍ଖଲ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢺꢖ꣄ꢓꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆸𑆕𑇀𑆒𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖴𑖒𑖿𑖏𑖩 (Siddham script)
• ශෘඞ‍්ඛල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩙𑩠 𑪙𑩝𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚎𑚶𑚋𑚥 (Takri script)
• ஶ்ரிங்க²ல (Tamil script)
• శృఙ్ఖల (Telugu script)
• ศฺฤงฺขล (Thai script)
• ཤྲྀ་ངྑ་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒵𑒓𑓂𑒐𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨼𑨉𑨏𑩇𑨌𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“rope”). Cognate with Ancient Greek καῖρος (kaîros), Old Armenian սարդ (sard) and Albanian thur. Given the semantics, the second part of the compound may refer to iron; cf. खरपात्र (kharapātra, “iron pot”), खरसोनि (kharasoni, “iron vessel”), खरालिक (kharālika, “iron arrow”), प्रखर (prakhara, “iron armor”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕr̩ŋ.kʰɐ.lɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕr̩ŋ.kʰɐ.l̪ɐ/

Noun

शृङ्खल • (śṛṅkhala) stem, m

1. chain, fetter, especially one made of iron
2. measuring chain
3. a belt

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शृङ्खल (śṛṅkhala)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शृङ्खलः śṛṅkhalaḥ	शृङ्खलौ / शृङ्खला¹ śṛṅkhalau / śṛṅkhalā¹	शृङ्खलाः / शृङ्खलासः¹ śṛṅkhalāḥ / śṛṅkhalāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शृङ्खल śṛṅkhala	शृङ्खलौ / शृङ्खला¹ śṛṅkhalau / śṛṅkhalā¹	शृङ्खलाः / शृङ्खलासः¹ śṛṅkhalāḥ / śṛṅkhalāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शृङ्खलम् śṛṅkhalam	शृङ्खलौ / शृङ्खला¹ śṛṅkhalau / śṛṅkhalā¹	शृङ्खलान् śṛṅkhalān
Instrumental	शृङ्खलेन śṛṅkhalena	शृङ्खलाभ्याम् śṛṅkhalābhyām	शृङ्खलैः / शृङ्खलेभिः¹ śṛṅkhalaiḥ / śṛṅkhalebhiḥ¹
Dative	शृङ्खलाय śṛṅkhalāya	शृङ्खलाभ्याम् śṛṅkhalābhyām	शृङ्खलेभ्यः śṛṅkhalebhyaḥ
Ablative	शृङ्खलात् śṛṅkhalāt	शृङ्खलाभ्याम् śṛṅkhalābhyām	शृङ्खलेभ्यः śṛṅkhalebhyaḥ
Genitive	शृङ्खलस्य śṛṅkhalasya	शृङ्खलयोः śṛṅkhalayoḥ	शृङ्खलानाम् śṛṅkhalānām
Locative	शृङ्खले śṛṅkhale	शृङ्खलयोः śṛṅkhalayoḥ	शृङ्खलेषु śṛṅkhaleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Bengali: শিকল (śikol)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀮𑀻 (saṅkalī)
  • Konkani: साखळी (sākhḷī)
  • Old Marathi:
    • Marathi: साखळी (sākhḷī)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀮 (saṃkala)
  • Old Gujarati: सांकलउं (sāṃkalaüṃ)
    • Gujarati: સાંકળું (sā̃kaḷũ)
  • Hindi: साँकल (sā̃kal)
• → Old Javanese: saṅkala
• → Malay: sengkela
• → Malayalam: ശൃംഖല (śr̥ṅkhala), ചങ്ങല (caṅṅala)