सत्य
Appearance
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit सत्य (satyá, “true; truth, reality”). Doublet of सच (sac), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /sət̪.jᵊ/, [sɐt̪.jᵊ]
Audio: (file)
Adjective
[edit]सत्य • (satya) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ستیہ)
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]सत्य • (satya) m (Urdu spelling ستیہ)
- truth
- reality, actuality
- Synonyms: वास्तविकता (vāstaviktā), हक़ीक़त (haqīqat)
- sincerity, righteousness
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | सत्य satya |
सत्य satya |
| oblique | सत्य satya |
सत्यों satyõ |
| vocative | सत्य satya |
सत्यो satyo |
Related terms
[edit]- सत्या f (satyā)
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit सत्य (satyá)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]सत्य • (satya) n
Declension
[edit]| Declension of सत्य (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
सत्य saty | ||
| direct plural |
सत्ये, सत्यं satye, satya | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
सत्य saty |
सत्ये, सत्यं satye, satya | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
सत्या satyā |
सत्यां- satyān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
सत्याला satyālā |
सत्यांना satyānnā | |
| ergative | सत्याने, सत्यानं satyāne, satyāna |
सत्यांनी satyānnī | |
| instrumental | सत्याशी satyāśī |
सत्यांशी satyānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
सत्यात satyāt |
सत्यांत satyāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
सत्या satyā |
सत्यांनो satyānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of सत्य (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
सत्याचा satyāċā |
सत्याचे satyāċe |
सत्याची satyācī |
सत्याच्या satyācā |
सत्याचे, सत्याचं satyāċe, satyāċa |
सत्याची satyācī |
सत्याच्या satyācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
सत्यांचा satyānċā |
सत्यांचे satyānċe |
सत्यांची satyāñcī |
सत्यांच्या satyāncā |
सत्यांचे, सत्यांचं satyānċe, satyānċa |
सत्यांची satyāñcī |
सत्यांच्या satyāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “सत्य”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- সত্য (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬢ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
- সত্য (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰝𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
- သတျ (Burmese script)
- સત્ય (Gujarati script)
- ਸਤ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌤𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦠꦾ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂞𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
- ಸತ್ಯ (Kannada script)
- សត្យ (Khmer script)
- ສຕ຺ຍ (Lao script)
- സത്യ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᢠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘝𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᢐᠶᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑦽𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐟𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
- ସତ୍ଯ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢡ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆠𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖝𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
- සත්ය (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩫 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚙𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
- ஸத்ய (Tamil script)
- సత్య (Telugu script)
- สตฺย (Thai script)
- ས་ཏྱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒞𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨙𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsatyás (“true”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sn̥t-yó-s, from *h₁sónts, from *h₁es- (“to be”).[1] Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬚𐬌𐬌𐬀 (haiθiia), Old Persian 𐏃𐏁𐎡𐎹 (h-š-i-y /hašiya/), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌹𐍃 (sunjis).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]स॒त्य • (satyá) stem
- true, real, actual, genuine
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.22.1:
- य एक इद्धव्यश्चर्षणीनामिन्द्रं तं गीर्भिरभ्यर्च आभिः।
यः पत्यते वृषभो वृष्ण्यावान्सत्यः सत्वा पुरुमायः सहस्वान्॥- ya eka iddhavyaścarṣaṇīnāmindraṃ taṃ gīrbhirabhyarca ābhiḥ.
yaḥ patyate vṛṣabho vṛṣṇyāvānsatyaḥ satvā purumāyaḥ sahasvān. - WITH these my hymns I glorify that Indra who is alone to be invoked by mortals,
The Lord, the Mighty One, of manly vigour, victorious, Hero, true, and full of wisdom.
- ya eka iddhavyaścarṣaṇīnāmindraṃ taṃ gīrbhirabhyarca ābhiḥ.
- य एक इद्धव्यश्चर्षणीनामिन्द्रं तं गीर्भिरभ्यर्च आभिः।
- sincere, honest, truthful, faithful
- pure, virtuous, good
- successful, effectual, valid
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स॒त्यः (satyáḥ) | स॒त्यौ (satyáu) स॒त्या¹ (satyā́¹) |
स॒त्याः (satyā́ḥ) स॒त्यासः॑¹ (satyā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | स॒त्यम् (satyám) | स॒त्यौ (satyáu) स॒त्या¹ (satyā́¹) |
स॒त्यान् (satyā́n) |
| instrumental | स॒त्येन॑ (satyéna) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्यैः (satyáiḥ) स॒त्येभिः॑¹ (satyébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | स॒त्याय॑ (satyā́ya) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्येभ्यः॑ (satyébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | स॒त्यात् (satyā́t) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्येभ्यः॑ (satyébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | स॒त्यस्य॑ (satyásya) | स॒त्ययोः॑ (satyáyoḥ) स॒त्योः¹ (satyóḥ¹) |
स॒त्याना॑म् (satyā́nām) |
| locative | स॒त्ये (satyé) | स॒त्ययोः॑ (satyáyoḥ) स॒त्योः¹ (satyóḥ¹) |
स॒त्येषु॑ (satyéṣu) |
| vocative | सत्य॑ (sátya) | सत्यौ॑ (sátyau) सत्या॑¹ (sátyā¹) |
सत्याः॑ (sátyāḥ) सत्या॑सः¹ (sátyāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स॒त्या (satyā́) | स॒त्ये (satyé) | स॒त्याः (satyā́ḥ) |
| accusative | स॒त्याम् (satyā́m) | स॒त्ये (satyé) | स॒त्याः (satyā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | स॒त्यया॑ (satyáyā) स॒त्या¹ (satyā́¹) |
स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्याभिः॑ (satyā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | स॒त्यायै॑ (satyā́yai) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्याभ्यः॑ (satyā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | स॒त्यायाः॑ (satyā́yāḥ) स॒त्यायै॑² (satyā́yai²) |
स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्याभ्यः॑ (satyā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | स॒त्यायाः॑ (satyā́yāḥ) स॒त्यायै॑² (satyā́yai²) |
स॒त्ययोः॑ (satyáyoḥ) | स॒त्याना॑म् (satyā́nām) |
| locative | स॒त्याया॑म् (satyā́yām) | स॒त्ययोः॑ (satyáyoḥ) | स॒त्यासु॑ (satyā́su) |
| vocative | सत्ये॑ (sátye) | सत्ये॑ (sátye) | सत्याः॑ (sátyāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स॒त्यम् (satyám) | स॒त्ये (satyé) | स॒त्यानि॑ (satyā́ni) स॒त्या¹ (satyā́¹) |
| accusative | स॒त्यम् (satyám) | स॒त्ये (satyé) | स॒त्यानि॑ (satyā́ni) स॒त्या¹ (satyā́¹) |
| instrumental | स॒त्येन॑ (satyéna) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्यैः (satyáiḥ) स॒त्येभिः॑¹ (satyébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | स॒त्याय॑ (satyā́ya) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्येभ्यः॑ (satyébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | स॒त्यात् (satyā́t) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्येभ्यः॑ (satyébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | स॒त्यस्य॑ (satyásya) | स॒त्ययोः॑ (satyáyoḥ) स॒त्योः¹ (satyóḥ¹) |
स॒त्याना॑म् (satyā́nām) |
| locative | स॒त्ये (satyé) | स॒त्ययोः॑ (satyáyoḥ) स॒त्योः¹ (satyóḥ¹) |
स॒त्येषु॑ (satyéṣu) |
| vocative | सत्य॑ (sátya) | सत्ये॑ (sátye) | सत्या॑नि (sátyāni) सत्या॑¹ (sátyā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
[edit]स॒त्य • (satyá) stem, n
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स॒त्यम् (satyám) | स॒त्ये (satyé) | स॒त्यानि॑ (satyā́ni) स॒त्या¹ (satyā́¹) |
| accusative | स॒त्यम् (satyám) | स॒त्ये (satyé) | स॒त्यानि॑ (satyā́ni) स॒त्या¹ (satyā́¹) |
| instrumental | स॒त्येन॑ (satyéna) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्यैः (satyáiḥ) स॒त्येभिः॑¹ (satyébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | स॒त्याय॑ (satyā́ya) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्येभ्यः॑ (satyébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | स॒त्यात् (satyā́t) | स॒त्याभ्या॑म् (satyā́bhyām) | स॒त्येभ्यः॑ (satyébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | स॒त्यस्य॑ (satyásya) | स॒त्ययोः॑ (satyáyoḥ) स॒त्योः¹ (satyóḥ¹) |
स॒त्याना॑म् (satyā́nām) |
| locative | स॒त्ये (satyé) | स॒त्ययोः॑ (satyáyoḥ) स॒त्योः¹ (satyóḥ¹) |
स॒त्येषु॑ (satyéṣu) |
| vocative | सत्य॑ (sátya) | सत्ये॑ (sátye) | सत्या॑नि (sátyāni) सत्या॑¹ (sátyā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
[edit]- सत्यकर्मन् (satyakarman, “one whose actions are true; sincerity in action”)
- सत्यक्रिया (satyakriyā, “a promise, oath”)
- सत्यघ्न (satyaghna, “breaking one's word”)
- सत्यजित् (satyajit, “truly victorious, conquering by truth”)
- सत्यदर्शिन् (satyadarśin, “truth-seeing, truth-discerning”)
- सत्यधर्म (satyadharma, “the law of truth”)
- सत्यबन्ध (satyabandha, “bound by the truth, truthful”)
- सत्यभाषण (satyabhāṣaṇa, “speaking of the truth”)
- सत्यभेदिन् (satyabhedin, “violating truth, promise-breaking”)
- सत्यम् (satyam, “truly, indeed, certainly, verily, yes”)
- सत्यलोक (satyaloka, “world of truth”)
Descendants
[edit]- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀘 (saca)
- → Bengali: সত্য (śotto)
- → Hindi: सत्य (satya)
- → Kannada: ಸತ್ಯ (satya)
- → Khmer: សត្យ (sat), សត្យា (sattyaa)
- → Lao: ສັດ (sat)
- → Lü: ᦉᦈ (ṡṫs), ᦉᧆᦈ (ṡadṫs)
- → Malay: setia
- → Indonesian: setia
- → Malayalam: സത്യം (satyaṁ)
- → Marathi: सत्य (satya)
- → Punjabi: ਸਤਿ (sati)
- → Telugu: సత్యము (satyamu)
- → Thai: สัตย์ (sàt)
- → Tamil: சத்தியம் (cattiyam), சத்யா (catyā)
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “satyá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 690
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “सत्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1135, column 3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “satyá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 759
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi terms with audio pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi nouns
- Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Marathi neuter nouns
- Marathi nouns with declension
- Marathi neuter consonant-stem nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
