তুমি
See also: তিমি
Assamese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Early Assamese তুহ্মি (tumhi), from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe, “you (plural)”), from Sanskrit যুষ্মান্ (yuṣmān, “you”, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of ত্ৱম্ (tvám, “you”, nom. sg.).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]তুমি • (tumi)
Related terms
[edit]- তই (toi)
See also
[edit]| absolutive | oblique | objective | genitive | ergative | dative | locative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | singular | মই (moi) | মো (mü) | মোক (mük) | মোৰ (mür) | — | মোলৈ (müloi) | মোত (müt) | |||
| plural | আমি (ami) | আমা (ama) | আমাক (amak) | আমাৰ (amar) | — | আমালৈ (amaloi) | আমাত (amat) | ||||
| 2nd person | sg. | inferior | তই (toi) | তো (tü) | তোক (tük) | তোৰ (tür) | — | তোলৈ (tüloi) | তোত (tüt) | ||
| very familiar | |||||||||||
| familiar | তুমি (tumi) | তোমা (tüma) | তোমাক (tümak) | তোমাৰ (tümar) | — | তোমালৈ (tümaloi) | তোমাত (tümat) | ||||
| honorific | আপুনি (apuni) | আপোনা (apüna) | আপোনাক (apünak) | আপোনাৰ (apünar) | — | আপোনালৈ (apünaloi) | আপোনাত (apünat) | ||||
| pl. | inferior | তহঁত (tohõt) | — | তহঁতক (tohõtok) | তহঁতৰ (tohõtor) | তহঁতে (tohõte) | তহঁতলৈ (tohõtoloi) | তহঁতত (tohõtot) | |||
| very familiar | |||||||||||
| familiar | তোমালোক (tümalük) | — | তোমালোকক (tümalükok) | তোমালোকৰ (tümalükor) | তোমালোকে (tümalüke) | তোমালোকলৈ (tümalükoloi) | তোমালোকত (tümalükot) | ||||
| honorific | আপোনালোক (apünalük) | — | আপোনালোকক (apünalükok) | আপোনালোকৰ (apünalükor) | আপোনালোকে (apünalüke) | আপোনালোকলৈ (apünalükoloi) | আপোনালোকত (apünalükot) | ||||
| 3rd person | sg. | non hon. | prox. | ♂ | ই (i) | ইয়া (ia) | ইয়াক (iak) | ইয়াৰ (iar) | — | ইয়ালৈ (ialoi) | ইয়াত (iat) |
| ♀ | এই (ei) | — | এইক (eik) | এইৰ (eir) | — | এইলৈ (eiloi) | এইত (eit) | ||||
| dist. | ♂ | সি (xi) | তা (ta) | তাক (tak) | তাৰ (tar) | — | তালৈ (taloi) | তাত (tat) | |||
| ♀ | তাই (tai) | — | তাইক (taik) | তাইৰ (tair) | — | তাইলৈ (tailoi) | তাইত (tait) | ||||
| honr. | proximal | এওঁ (eü̃) | — | এওঁক (eü̃k) | এওঁৰ (eü̃r) | — | এওঁলৈ (eü̃loi) | এওঁত (eü̃t) | |||
| distal | তেওঁ (teü̃) | — | তেওঁক (teü̃k) | তেওঁৰ (teü̃r) | — | তেওঁলৈ (teü̃loi) | তেওঁত (teü̃t) | ||||
| faml., honr. |
proximal | এখেত (ekhet) | — | এখেতক (ekhetok) | এখেতৰ (ekhetor) | এখেতে (ekhete) | এখেতলৈ (ekhetoloi) | এখেতত (ekhetot) | |||
| distal | তেখেত (tekhet) | — | তেখেতক (tekhetok) | তেখেতৰ (tekhetor) | তেখেতে (tekhete) | তেখেতলৈ (tekhetoloi) | তেখেতত (tekhetot) | ||||
| pl. | non hon. | proximal | ইহঁত (ihõt) | — | ইহঁতক (ihõtok) | ইহঁতৰ (ihõtor) | ইহঁতে (ihõte) | ইহঁতলৈ (ihõtoloi) | ইহঁতত (ihõtot) | ||
| ♀ | এইহঁত (eihõt) | — | এইহঁতক (eihõtok) | এইহঁতৰ (eihõtor) | এইহঁতে (eihõte) | এইহঁতলৈ (eihõtoloi) | এইহঁতত (eihõtot) | ||||
| distal | সিহঁত (xihõt) | — | সিহঁতক (xihõtok) | সিহঁতৰ (xihõtor) | সিহঁতে (xihõte) | সিহঁতলৈ (xihõtoloi) | সিহঁতত (xihõtot) | ||||
| ♀ | তাইহঁত (taihõt) | — | তাইহঁতক (taihõtok) | তাইহঁতৰ (taihõtor) | তাইহঁতে (taihõte) | তাইহঁতলৈ (taihõtoloi) | তাইহঁতত (taihõtot) | ||||
| honr. | proximal | এওঁলোক (eü̃lük) | — | এওঁলোকক (eü̃lükok) | এওঁলোকৰ (eü̃lükor) | এওঁলোকে (eü̃lüke) | এওঁলোকলৈ (eü̃lükoloi) | এওঁলোকত (eü̃lükot) | |||
| distal | তেওঁলোক (teü̃lük) | — | তেওঁলোকক (teü̃lükok) | তেওঁলোকৰ (teü̃lükor) | তেওঁলোকে (teü̃lüke) | তেওঁলোকলৈ (teü̃lükoloi) | তেওঁলোকত (teü̃lükot) | ||||
| faml., honr. |
proximal | এখেতসকল (ekhetxokol) | — | এখেতসকলক (ekhetxokolok) | এখেতসকলৰ (ekhetxokolor) | এখেতসকলে (ekhetxokole) | এখেতসকললৈ (ekhetxokololoi) | এখেতসকলত (ekhetxokolot) | |||
| distal | তেখেতসকল (tekhetxokol) | — | তেখেতসকলক (tekhetxokolok) | তেখেতসকলৰ (tekhetxokolor) | তেখেতসকলে (tekhetxokole) | তেখেতসকললৈ (tekhetxokololoi) | তেখেতসকলত (tekhetxokolot) | ||||
References
[edit]- ^ Oberlies, Thomas (2005), A Historical Grammar of Hindi, Grazer Vergleichende Arbeiten, →ISBN, page 20
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “yuṣmad”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Bengali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle Bengali তুহ্মি (tuhmi /tumhi/, “you (plural)”), from Old Bengali তুহ্মে (tuhme /tumhe/), from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from earlier 𑀢𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀫𑁂 (tuṣme). Displaced earlier তই, তুই (toi, tui) to more informal and inferior contexts through nosist usage in nearly all dialects.
Cognate with Assamese তুমি (tumi), Odia ତୁମେ (tume), Magahi 𑂞𑂳𑂧 (tum), Maithili तुम (tum), Bhojpuri तुम (tum), Awadhi तुम (tum), Hindustani तुम (tum) / تم (tum), Nepali तिमी (timī), Marathi तुम्ही (tumhī), Konkani तुमि (tumi), Gujarati તમે (tame), Romani tumen, Punjabi ਤੁਸੀਂ (tusī̃), Sindhi تُسِیں (tusī̃), Sinhalese තොපි (topi).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Rarh) IPA(key): /t̪umi/, [ˈt̪umiˑ]
Audio: (file)
- (Dhaka) IPA(key): /t̪umi/, [ˈt̪umiˑ]
Audio: (file)
- (Vanga) IPA(key): /t̪umi/, [ˈt̪umiˑ], [ˈt̪uⁱmi], [ˈt̪ũiˑ]
- (Varendra) IPA(key): /t̪umi/, [ˈt̪umiˑ]
Pronoun
[edit]তুমি • (tumi) (objective তোমাকে (tōmake), possessive তোমার (tōmar))
- (familiar) you, thou; second person singular personal pronoun
- তুমি কোথায় ― tumi kōthaẏ ― Where are you?
- (archaic, dialectal) you; second person plural personal pronoun
See also
[edit]| singular | plural | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | objective | possessive | nominative | objective | possessive | ||||
| 1st person | আমি (ami) | আমাকে (amake) | আমার (amar) | আমরা (amra) | আমাদের (amader) | ||||
| 2nd person | very familiar | তুই (tui) | তোকে (toke) | তোর (tor) | তোরা (tora) | তোদের (toder) | |||
| familiar | তুমি (tumi) | তোমাকে (tomake) | তোমার (tomar) | তোমরা (tomra) | তোমাদের (tomader) | ||||
| polite | আপনি (apni) | আপনাকে (apnake) | আপনার (apnar) | আপনারা (apnara) | আপনাদের (apnader) | ||||
| 3rd person | near | familiar | এ (e) | একে (eke) | এর (er) | এরা (era) | এদের (eder) | ||
| polite | ইনি (ini) | এঁকে (ẽke) | এঁর (ẽr) | এঁরা (ẽra) | এঁদের (ẽder) | ||||
| far | familiar | ও (o) | ওকে (oke) | ওর (or) | ওরা (ora) | ওদের (oder) | |||
| polite | উনি (uni) | ওঁকে (õke) | ওঁর (õr) | ওঁরা (õra) | ওঁদের (õder) | ||||
| elsewhere | familiar | সে (she) | তাকে (take) | তার (tar) | তারা (tara) | তাদের (tader) | |||
| polite | তিনি (tini) | তাঁকে (tãke) | তাঁর (tãr) | তাঁরা (tãra) | তাঁদের (tãder) | ||||
Categories:
- Assamese terms inherited from Early Assamese
- Assamese terms derived from Early Assamese
- Assamese terms inherited from Magadhi Prakrit
- Assamese terms derived from Magadhi Prakrit
- Assamese terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Assamese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Assamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Assamese terms with audio pronunciation
- Assamese lemmas
- Assamese pronouns
- Assamese personal pronouns
- Assamese familiar terms
- Assamese terms with usage examples
- Assamese dialectal terms
- Bengali terms inherited from Middle Bengali
- Bengali terms derived from Middle Bengali
- Bengali terms inherited from Old Bengali
- Bengali terms derived from Old Bengali
- Bengali terms inherited from Magadhi Prakrit
- Bengali terms derived from Magadhi Prakrit
- Bengali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bengali terms with audio pronunciation
- Bengali lemmas
- Bengali pronouns
- Bengali personal pronouns
- Bengali familiar terms
- Bengali terms with usage examples
- Bengali terms with archaic senses
- Bengali dialectal terms