இரு
Appearance
See also: இறு
Irula
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *ir- (“to be”). Cognate with Kannada ಇರು (iru), Malayalam ഇരിക്കുക (irikkuka), Tamil இரு (iru).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]இரு (iru)
Conjugation
[edit]- Imperative : இரு (iru)
- Present (1st person): இருக்கெ (irukke)
- Past (1st person): இருந்தெ (irunte)
References
[edit]- Gerard F. Diffloth (1968), The Irula Language, a close relative to Tamil[1], University of California, Los Angeles, page 26
Tamil
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *ir- (“to be”).
Cognates
False cognate of Japanese いる (iru).
Verb
[edit]இரு • (iru) (intransitive)
- to be, exist, be present
- (with dative or locative subject) to have
- to live, stay, reside
- to stay, remain, wait
- Synonym: காத்திரு (kāttiru)
- கொஞ்சம் இரு, வருகிறேன்.
- koñcam iru, varukiṟēṉ.
- Wait a sec, I'm coming.
- to sit, sit down
- (with preceding infinitive) to be ready to act, be about to
- (auxiliary) added to the adverbial participle of a verb to create the perfect tense.
- (auxiliary) added to the adverbial participle of a verb with கொண்டு (koṇṭu) to create the progressive tense.
- used to express one's intention to do a thing or desire for the happening of an event; to feel like.
- Near-synonym: தோன்று (tōṉṟu)
- ஊர் சுற்றலாம் போல இருக்கிறது.
- ūr cuṟṟalām pōla irukkiṟatu.
- I feel like gallivanting.
- நாங்கள் போகலாமென்று இருக்கிறோம்.
- nāṅkaḷ pōkalāmeṉṟu irukkiṟōm.
- We feel like going.
- (impersonal) to feel, experience
- Near-synonym: உணர் (uṇar)
- (colloquial) to excrete
- Synonym: கழி (kaḻi)
Usage notes
[edit]- Tamil is a zero-copula language for present-tense sentences whose predicate is a noun. Thus, this verb is not always used as a translation for all senses of 'be'. For example, to describe what or who something or someone is (e.g. என் பெயர் பிரபாஸ்கரன் (eṉ peyar pirapāskaraṉ, “My name is Prabhaskaran”)), no verbs are used. When using an adjective that does not precede a noun (e.g. இந்த சாப்பாடு நன்றாக இருக்கிறது (inta cāppāṭu naṉṟāka irukkiṟatu, “This food is good”)), the adjective is treated as an adverb and is placed before the verb, or there is no verb and a noun is used.
- However, when describing what/who someone/something was in any tense but the present, இரு (iru) is used after an adverb derived from the predicate (see -ஆக (-āka)). For example, நான் விவசாயியாக இருந்தேன். (nāṉ vivacāyiyāka iruntēṉ., “I was a farmer.”, with adverb and copula) but நான் விவசாயி (nāṉ vivacāyi, “I am a farmer”, no adverb nor copula).
- Note that although Tamil is zero copula, the verb ஆ (ā) is often used in formal contexts as a copula; see its usage notes.
- For saying to have, the verb will conjugate with the possessed object, not the possessor. The dative is used when the possessed object is something which is permanently, habitually, or inalienably possessed, such as, "I have black hair," (எனக்கு கருப்பு முடி இருக்கிறது (eṉakku karuppu muṭi irukkiṟatu)). The locative is used when the object is possessed temporarily.
- To negate the sense of to have in the present tense, much like saying that something does not exist, a verb is not necessary; instead, just இல்லை (illai) is used. For negation in any other tense, a negative conjugation of இரு (iru) can be used. For example, "I won't have my cell phone," is, "என்னிடம் என் அலைப்பேசி இருக்காது (eṉṉiṭam eṉ alaippēci irukkātu)."
- For saying to feel, the verb is usually impersonal. For example, in எனக்கு அலுப்பாக இருக்கிறது. (eṉakku aluppāka irukkiṟatu., “I feel exhausted”), note that the verb is in the third person singular.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of இரு (iru)
Derived terms
[edit]- இருக்கை (irukkai)
- இருத்தல் (iruttal)
- இருந்தபோதிலும் (iruntapōtilum)
- இருந்தபோதும் (iruntapōtum)
- இருந்தாலும் (iruntālum)
- -இருந்து (-iruntu)
- இருந்தும் (iruntum)
- இருப்பன (iruppaṉa)
- இருப்பு (iruppu)
- எழுந்திரு (eḻuntiru)
- காத்திரு (kāttiru)
- கொண்டிரு (koṇṭiru)
- வைத்திரு (vaittiru)
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| [a], [b], [c] ← 1 | ௨ 2 |
3 → [a], [b], [c] |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: இரண்டு (iraṇṭu), ரெண்டு (reṇṭu) Ordinal: இரண்டாவது (iraṇṭāvatu), இரண்டாம் (iraṇṭām), ரெண்டாவது (reṇṭāvatu), ரெண்டாம் (reṇṭām) Adjectival: இரு (iru), ஈர் (īr) Multiplier: இரட்டை (iraṭṭai), ரெட்ட (reṭṭa) Fractional: அரை (arai), பாதி (pāti) | ||
Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *iru. Cognate with Brahui اِرَا (irā), Malayalam ഇരു (iru), Telugu ఇరు (iru).
Adjective
[edit]இரு • (iru)
Derived terms
[edit]- இருதலை (irutalai)
- இருபது (irupatu)
- இருபாலீர்ப்பு (irupālīrppu)
- இருபால்சேர்க்கை (irupālcērkkai)
- இருபிறப்பாளன் (irupiṟappāḷaṉ)
- இருபெயரொட்டு (irupeyaroṭṭu)
- இருமை (irumai)
- இருவர் (iruvar)
References
[edit]- “இரு”, in அகராதி: தமிழ் → ஆங்கில அகரமுதலி [Agarathi: Tamil → English Dictionary], 2023
- S. Ramakrishnan (1992), “இரு”, in தற்காலத் தமிழ் அகராதி [Dictionary of Contemporary Tamil] (in Tamil), Madras: Cre-A Publishers, page [2]
Categories:
- Irula terms inherited from Proto-Dravidian
- Irula terms derived from Proto-Dravidian
- Irula terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irula lemmas
- Irula verbs
- Tamil terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tamil terms with audio pronunciation
- Tamil terms inherited from Proto-Dravidian
- Tamil terms derived from Proto-Dravidian
- Tamil lemmas
- Tamil verbs
- Tamil intransitive verbs
- Tamil terms with usage examples
- Tamil auxiliary verbs
- Tamil impersonal verbs
- Tamil colloquialisms
- Tamil verbs of conjugation 7
- Tamil adjectives
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