ἀδήν

See also: ἁδήν, ἅδην, and ᾍδην

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ᾰ̔δήν (hădḗn)

Etymology

Beekes suggests Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷḗn, because *h₁n̥gʷ-ḗn would produce *endḗn by Rix's Law (PIE *HR̥C > Proto-Hellenic *e/a/oRC), and rejects the connection with Latin inguen (“groin”) and Old Norse økkvenn (“thick, clodded”).^[1]

De Vaan prefers to derive it from Proto-Indo-European *n̥gʷḗn (“the naked one”), from *negʷ- (“naked”), preserving the connection with Latin inguen but excluding the Germanic forms.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.dɛ̌ːn/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈde̝n/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/

Noun

ᾰ̓δήν • (ădḗn) f or m (genitive ᾰ̓δένος); third declension

gland
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Joints 11:
  […], τοισίδε χρὴ τεκμαίρεσθαι ἀδένες ὕπεισιν ἢ ἐλάσσους ἢ μείζους πᾶσιν ὑπὸ τῇ μασχάλῃ, […]
  […], toisíde khrḕ tekmaíresthai adénes húpeisin ḕ elássous ḕ meízous pâsin hupò tēî maskhálēi, […]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

Originally feminine, later masculine.

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ / ἡ ᾰ̓δήν; τοῦ / τῆς ᾰ̓δένος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ / ἡ ᾰ̓δήν ho / hē ădḗn	τὼ ᾰ̓δένε tṑ ădéne	οἱ / αἱ ᾰ̓δένες hoi / hai ădénes
Genitive	τοῦ / τῆς ᾰ̓δένος toû / tês ădénos	τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν toîn ădénoin	τῶν ᾰ̓δένων tôn ădénōn
Dative	τῷ / τῇ ᾰ̓δένῐ tōî / tēî ădénĭ	τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν toîn ădénoin	τοῖς / ταῖς ᾰ̓δέσῐ / ᾰ̓δέσῐν toîs / taîs ădésĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν / τὴν ᾰ̓δένᾰ tòn / tḕn ădénă	τὼ ᾰ̓δένε tṑ ădéne	τοὺς / τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓δένᾰς toùs / tā̀s ădénăs
Vocative	ᾰ̓δήν ădḗn	ᾰ̓δένε ădéne	ᾰ̓δένες ădénes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ᾰ̓δενοειδής (ădenoeidḗs, adjective)

Descendants

⇒ English: adeno-, -adenia
Greek: αδένας (adénas)
⇒ Latin: polyadenus

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀδήν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “inguen, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 303-304

“ἀδήν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press