ἀνήρ

See also: ἁνήρ

Ancient Greek

Ἀνὴρ Σωκράτης καλούμενος (Anḕr Sōkrátēs kaloúmenos) by Domenico Anderson (1854-1938).

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognates include Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर॑ (nára), Latin neriosus and Old Irish nert.

Pronunciation

(Attic, Ionic, etc.):

 

• IPA^(key): /a.nɛ̌ːr/ → /aˈnir/ → /aˈnir/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.nɛ̌ːr/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈne̝r/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/

(Epic):

 

• IPA^(key): /aː.nɛ̌ːr/ → /aˈnir/ → /aˈnir/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /aː.nɛ̌ːr/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈne̝r/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/

Noun

ᾱ̆̓νήρ • (ā̆nḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός or ᾱ̓νέρος); third declension

1. man (adult male)

   Antonym: γῠνή (gŭnḗ)

2. husband
3. human being; a mortal (as opposed to a god)
   • c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.28:

     τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε

     tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te

     Then the father of men and gods [= Zeus] answered her

   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10:

     ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
     οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
     τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.

     akíndunoi d’ aretaì
     oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais
     tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathēî.

     But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.

Usage notes

• Sometimes forms crasis with the definite article or the vocative particle.

Declension

Third declension of ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ; τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ ho ănḗr	τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ắndre	οἱ ᾰ̓́νδρες hoi ắndres
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός toû ăndrós	τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn ăndroîn	τῶν ᾰ̓νδρῶν tôn ăndrôn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓νδρῐ́ tōî ăndrĭ́	τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn ăndroîn	τοῖς ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν toîs ăndrắsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̓́νδρᾰ tòn ắndră	τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ắndre	τοὺς ᾰ̓́νδρᾰς toùs ắndrăs
Vocative	ᾰ̓́νερ ắner	ᾰ̓́νδρε ắndre	ᾰ̓́νδρες ắndres
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ᾱ̔νήρ; τᾱ̓νδρός (crasis, Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̔νήρ hānḗr	—	ᾱ̔́νδρες / ἇνδρες hā́ndres / hândres
Genitive	τᾱ̓νδρός tāndrós	—	—
Dative	τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ tāndrĭ́	—	—
Accusative	—	—	—
Vocative	ὦνερ ôner	—	ὦνδρες ôndres
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ᾱ̓νήρ; ᾰ̓νδρός / ᾱ̓νέρος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̓νήρ ānḗr	ᾰ̓́νδρε / ᾱ̓νέρε ắndre / ānére	ᾰ̓́νδρες / ᾱ̓νέρες ắndres / ānéres
Genitive	ᾰ̓νδρός / ᾱ̓νέρος ăndrós / ānéros	ᾰ̓νδροῖῐ̈ν / ᾱ̓νέροιῐ̈ν ăndroîĭ̈n / ānéroiĭ̈n	ᾰ̓νδρῶν / ᾱ̓νέρων ăndrôn / ānérōn
Dative	ᾰ̓νδρῐ́ / ᾱ̓νέρῐ ăndrĭ́ / ānérĭ	ᾰ̓νδροῖῐ̈ν / ᾱ̓νέροιῐ̈ν ăndroîĭ̈n / ānéroiĭ̈n	ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν / ᾰ̓́νδρεσσῐ / ᾰ̓́νδρεσσῐν ăndrắsĭ(n) / ắndressĭ(n)
Accusative	ᾰ̓́νδρᾰ / ᾱ̓νέρᾰ ắndră / ānéră	ᾰ̓́νδρε / ᾱ̓νέρε ắndre / ānére	ᾰ̓́νδρᾰς / ᾱ̓νέρᾰς ắndrăs / ānérăs
Vocative	ἆνερ âner	ᾰ̓́νδρε / ᾱ̓νέρε ắndre / ānére	ᾰ̓́νδρες / ᾱ̓νέρες ắndres / ānéres
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of ὡνήρ; τᾱ̓νδρός (crasis, Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὡνήρ hōnḗr	—	ὧνδρες hôndres
Genitive	τᾱ̓νδρός tāndrós	—	—
Dative	τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ tāndrĭ́	—	—
Accusative	—	—	—
Vocative	ὦνερ ôner	—	ὦνδρες ôndres
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• Ἀγαπήνωρ (Agapḗnōr)
• ἀγαπήνωρ (agapḗnōr)
• Ἀγήνωρ (Agḗnōr)
• ἀγήνωρ (agḗnōr)
• Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros)
• ἀλεξήνωρ (alexḗnōr)
• Ἀμύνανδρος (Amúnandros)
• Ἀνάξανδρος (Anáxandros)
• Ἀνδράγαθος (Andrágathos)
• Ἀνδρέας (Andréas)
• ἀνδρεία (andreía)
• ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos)
• ἀνδριάς (andriás)
• ἀνδρο- (andro-)
• Ἀνδρόγεως (Andrógeōs)
• ἀνδρόγυνος (andrógunos)
• Ἀνδροκλῆς (Androklês)
• Ἀνδροκύδης (Androkúdēs)
• ἀνδρομανία (andromanía)
• Ἀνδρομέδα (Androméda)
• ἀνδρόμεος (andrómeos)
• Ᾰ̓νδρόνῑκος (Ăndrónīkos)
• ἀνδρόσᾰκες (andrósăkes)
• Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης (Ăndrosthénēs)
• ἀνδροφάγος (androphágos)
• ἀνδροφόνος (androphónos)
• ἀνδρών (andrṓn)
• ἀνήνωρ (anḗnōr)
• Ἄντανδρος (Ántandros)
• ἀντήνωρ (antḗnōr)
• Ἀντήνωρ (Antḗnōr)
• ἀντιᾰ́νειρᾰ (antiắneiră)
• ἀπατήνωρ (apatḗnōr)
• Ἀρῐ́στᾰνδρος (Arĭ́stăndros)
• Βιήνωρ (Biḗnōr)
• βωτιᾰ́νειρᾰ (bōtiắneiră)
• δαμασήνωρ (damasḗnōr)
• δεισήνωρ (deisḗnōr)
• Δεισήνωρ (Deisḗnōr)
• Δῃᾰ́νειρᾰ (Dēiắneiră)
• Ἐλεφήνωρ (Elephḗnōr)
• Ἐλπήνωρ (Elpḗnōr)
• εὐήνωρ (euḗnōr)
• Εὐχήνωρ (Eukhḗnōr)
• ἠνορέη (ēnoréē)
• Καστιᾰ́νειρᾰ (Kastiắneiră)
• Κλείτανδρος (Kleítandros)
• κυδιᾰ́νειρᾰ (kudiắneiră)
• Λέανδρος (Léandros)
• λειχήνωρ (leikhḗnōr)
• ληϊᾰ́νειρᾰ (lēïắneiră)
• Λῠ́σᾰνδρος (Lŭ́săndros)
• λυσήνωρ (lusḗnōr)
• μεγαλήνωρ (megalḗnōr)
• Μένανδρος (Ménandros)
• Νίκανδρος (Níkandros)
• ὀλεσήνωρ (olesḗnōr)
• Πείσανδρος (Peísandros)
• Πεισήνωρ (Peisḗnōr)
• Περίανδρος (Períandros)
• Προθοήνωρ (Prothoḗnōr)
• ῥηξήνωρ (rhēxḗnōr)
• Ῥηξήνωρ (Rhēxḗnōr)
• σώσᾰνδρον (sṓsăndron)
• Τῑμᾱ́νωρ (Tīmā́nōr)
• Τίσανδρος (Tísandros)
• ὑπερηνορέων (huperēnoréōn)
• ὑπερήνωρ (huperḗnōr)
• Ὑπερήνωρ (Huperḗnōr)
• Ὑψήνωρ (Hupsḗnōr)
• ὑψήνωρ (hupsḗnōr)
• φθισήνωρ (phthisḗnōr)
• φιλανδρία (philandría)
• φίλανδρος (phílandros)
• φιλήνωρ (philḗnōr)

Descendants

• Greek: άνδρας (ándras)
• Mariupol Greek: а́ндра (ándra)

See also

• ἄρσην (ársēn, “male”)

Further reading

• ἀνήρ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀνήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀνήρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἀνήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀνήρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
• “ἀνήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G120 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • consort idem, page 164.
  • husband idem, page 411.
  • man idem, page 510.
  • spouse idem, page 805.