ἀρόω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ér-ye-, a ye-present from the root *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”). Cognates include Old Armenian արաւր (arawr), Latin arō, Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), and Old English erian (Early Modern English ear). Related to ἄροτρον (árotron, “a plough”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.ró.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈro.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈro.o/
- (10th CE Medieval) IPA(key): /aˈro.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈro.o/
Verb
[edit]ᾰ̓ρόω • (ăróō)
Usage notes
[edit]- The Ionic perfect participle ἀρηρομένος (arēroménos) is attested.
Conjugation
[edit] Present: ᾰ̓ρόω, ᾰ̓ρόομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤροον | ἤροες | ἤροε(ν) | ἠρόετον | ἠροέτην | ἠρόομεν | ἠρόετε | ἤροον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἠροόμην | ἠρόου | ἠρόετο | ἠρόεσθον | ἠροέσθην | ἠροόμεθᾰ | ἠρόεσθε | ἠρόοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤρουν | ἤρους | ἤρου | ἠροῦτον | ἠρούτην | ἠροῦμεν | ἠροῦτε | ἤρουν | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἠρούμην | ἠροῦ | ἠροῦτο | ἠροῦσθον | ἠρούσθην | ἠρούμεθᾰ | ἠροῦσθε | ἠροῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̓ρόσω | ᾰ̓ρόσεις | ᾰ̓ρόσει | ᾰ̓ρόσετον | ᾰ̓ρόσετον | ᾰ̓ρόσομεν | ᾰ̓ρόσετε | ᾰ̓ρόσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ᾰ̓ρόσοιμῐ | ᾰ̓ρόσοις | ᾰ̓ρόσοι | ᾰ̓ρόσοιτον | ᾰ̓ροσοίτην | ᾰ̓ρόσοιμεν | ᾰ̓ρόσοιτε | ᾰ̓ρόσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ᾰ̓ρόσομαι | ᾰ̓ρόσῃ, ᾰ̓ρόσει |
ᾰ̓ρόσεται | ᾰ̓ρόσεσθον | ᾰ̓ρόσεσθον | ᾰ̓ροσόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓ρόσεσθε | ᾰ̓ρόσονται | ||||
| optative | ᾰ̓ροσοίμην | ᾰ̓ρόσοιο | ᾰ̓ρόσοιτο | ᾰ̓ρόσοισθον | ᾰ̓ροσοίσθην | ᾰ̓ροσοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓ρόσοισθε | ᾰ̓ρόσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓ρόσειν | ᾰ̓ρόσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓ρόσων | ᾰ̓ροσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓ρόσουσᾰ | ᾰ̓ροσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓ρόσον | ᾰ̓ροσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̓ρόσσω | ᾰ̓ρόσσεις | ᾰ̓ρόσσει | ᾰ̓ρόσσετον | ᾰ̓ρόσσετον | ᾰ̓ρόσσομεν | ᾰ̓ρόσσετε | ᾰ̓ρόσσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ᾰ̓ρόσσοιμῐ | ᾰ̓ρόσσοις | ᾰ̓ρόσσοι | ᾰ̓ρόσσοιτον | ᾰ̓ροσσοίτην | ᾰ̓ρόσσοιμεν | ᾰ̓ρόσσοιτε | ᾰ̓ρόσσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ᾰ̓ρόσσομαι | ᾰ̓ρόσσεαι | ᾰ̓ρόσσεται | ᾰ̓ρόσσεσθον | ᾰ̓ρόσσεσθον | ᾰ̓ροσσόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓ρόσσεσθε | ᾰ̓ρόσσονται | ||||
| optative | ᾰ̓ροσσοίμην | ᾰ̓ρόσσοιο | ᾰ̓ρόσσοιτο | ᾰ̓ρόσσοισθον | ᾰ̓ροσσοίσθην | ᾰ̓ροσσοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓ρόσσοισθε | ᾰ̓ρόσσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓ρόσσειν | ᾰ̓ρόσσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓ρόσσων | ᾰ̓ροσσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓ρόσσουσᾰ | ᾰ̓ροσσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓ρόσσον | ᾰ̓ροσσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ᾰ̓ρήρομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ᾰ̓ρήρομαι | ᾰ̓ρήροσαι | ᾰ̓ρήροται | ᾰ̓ρήροσθον | ᾰ̓ρήροσθον | ᾰ̓ρηρόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓ρήροσθε | ᾰ̓ρήρονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓ρηρομένος ὦ | ᾰ̓ρηρομένος ᾖς | ᾰ̓ρηρομένος ᾖ | ᾰ̓ρηρομένω ἦτον | ᾰ̓ρηρομένω ἦτον | ᾰ̓ρηρομένοι ὦμεν | ᾰ̓ρηρομένοι ἦτε | ᾰ̓ρηρομένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓ρηρομένος εἴην | ᾰ̓ρηρομένος εἴης | ᾰ̓ρηρομένος εἴη | ᾰ̓ρηρομένω εἴητον, εἶτον |
ᾰ̓ρηρομένω εἰήτην, εἴτην |
ᾰ̓ρηρομένοι εἴημεν, εἶμεν |
ᾰ̓ρηρομένοι εἴητε, εἶτε |
ᾰ̓ρηρομένοι εἴησᾰν, εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓ρήροσο | ᾰ̓ρηρόσθω | ᾰ̓ρήροσθον | ᾰ̓ρηρόσθων | ᾰ̓ρήροσθε | ᾰ̓ρηρόσθων | |||||||
| middle/ | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓ρηρόσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓ρηρομένος | |||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓ρηρομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓ρηρομένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ᾰ̓ρηρόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ᾰ̓ρηρόμην | ᾰ̓ρήροσο | ᾰ̓ρήροτο | ᾰ̓ρήροσθον | ᾰ̓ρηρόσθην | ᾰ̓ρηρόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓ρήροσθε | ᾰ̓ρήροντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀρόω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 136
Further reading
[edit]- “ἀρόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀρόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀρόω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- “ἀρόω” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀρόω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἀρόω” in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
- “ἀρόω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- ἀρόω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- ἀρόω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erh₃-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms