ἄρχων
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]A noun use of the present participle of ἄρχω (árkhō, “to rule”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ár.kʰɔːn/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈar.kʰon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈar.xon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈar.xon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈar.xon/
Noun
[edit]ᾰ̓́ρχων • (árkhōn) m (genitive ᾰ̓́ρχοντος); third declension
- ruler
- archon, a chief magistrate at Athens
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ᾰ̓́ρχων ho árkhōn |
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρχοντε tṑ árkhonte |
οἱ ᾰ̓́ρχοντες hoi árkhontes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρχοντος toû árkhontos |
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν toîn arkhóntoin |
τῶν ᾰ̓ρχόντων tôn arkhóntōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ tôi árkhonti |
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν toîn arkhóntoin |
τοῖς ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν toîs árkhousi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ tòn árkhonta |
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρχοντε tṑ árkhonte |
τοὺς ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰς toùs árkhontas | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντες árkhontes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Related terms
[edit]- ἀρχός (arkhós)
Participle
[edit]ᾰ̓́ρχων • (árkhōn) m (feminine ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ, neuter ᾰ̓́ρχον); first/third declension
- present active participle of ᾰ̓́ρχω (árkhō)
Inflection
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ᾰ̓́ρχων árkhōn |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ árkhousa |
ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱ arkhoúsā |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντες árkhontes |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσαι árkhousai |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta | |||||
Genitive | ᾰ̓́ρχοντος árkhontos |
ᾰ̓ρχούσης arkhoúsēs |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντος árkhontos |
ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin |
ᾰ̓ρχούσαιν arkhoúsain |
ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin |
ᾰ̓ρχόντων arkhóntōn |
ᾰ̓ρχουσῶν arkhousôn |
ᾰ̓ρχόντων arkhóntōn | |||||
Dative | ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ árkhonti |
ᾰ̓ρχούσῃ arkhoúsēi |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ árkhonti |
ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin |
ᾰ̓ρχούσαιν arkhoúsain |
ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν árkhousi(n) |
ᾰ̓ρχούσαις arkhoúsais |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν árkhousi(n) | |||||
Accusative | ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰν árkhousan |
ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱ arkhoúsā |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰς árkhontas |
ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱς arkhoúsās |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta | |||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓́ρχων árkhōn |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ árkhousa |
ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱ arkhoúsā |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντες árkhontes |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσαι árkhousai |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta | |||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: άρχοντας (árchontas), άρχων (árchon)
- → Arabic: أَرْخُون (ʔarḵūn), أَرْكُون (ʔarkūn)
- → Aramaic:
- Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡠𐡴𐡪𐡥𐡮𐡠 (ʾrkwnʾ /ʾarkōnā/)
- Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܐܪܟܘܢܐ (ʾrkwnʾ /ʾarkōnā/)
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: ארכונא (ʾrkwnʾ /ʾarkōnā/)
- Classical Syriac: ܐܪܟܘܢܐ (ʾrkwnʾ /ʾarkōnā/)
- → Old Armenian: *արքոյն (*arkʻoyn), արքայ (arkʻay)
- → Coptic: ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ (arkhōn)
- → Latin: archōn (see there for further descendants)
- → English: archon
Further reading
[edit]- “ἄρχων”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἄρχων”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἄρχων in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἄρχων in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- G758 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- ἄρχων in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- chief idem, page 129.
- funtcionary idem, page 350.
- governor idem, page 368.
- lord idem, page 500.
- magistrate idem, page 507.
- mayor idem, page 519.
- officer idem, page 571.
- prince idem, page 641.
- regent idem, page 687.
- ruler idem, page 726.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek non-lemma forms
- Ancient Greek participles