ἔσχατος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

By surface analysis, ἐξ (ex, “out”) +‎ -ᾰτος (-ătos, superlative suffix), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs-katos. Compare with ἔγκατα (énkata, “intestines”) and the same difficulty in ἐχθός (ekhthós) = ἐκτός (ektós).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What is PIE *katos?”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /és.kʰa.tos/ → /ˈes.xa.tos/ → /ˈes.xa.tos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /és.kʰa.tos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈes.kʰa.tos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xa.tos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xa.tos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xa.tos/

Adjective

ἔσχᾰτος • (éskhătos) m (feminine ἐσχᾰ́τη, neuter ἔσχᾰτον); first/second declension

1. At one end of a continuum:
   1. (of space) farthest, most remote [with genitive ‘from something or someone’]
      1. last, at the end
      2. at the back, hindmost
      3. lowest
      4. highest
      5. innermost
   2. (of time) last, final

      Antonym: πρῶτος (prôtos)

   3. (of degree) extreme
   4. (of quality) best; worst

Declension

First and second declension of ἔσχᾰτος; ἐσχᾰ́τη; ἔσχᾰτον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἔσχᾰτος éskhătos	ἐσχᾰ́τη eskhắtē	ἔσχᾰτον éskhăton		ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhắtō	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱ eskhắtā	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhắtō		ἔσχᾰτοι éskhătoi	ἔσχᾰται éskhătai	ἔσχᾰτᾰ éskhătă
Genitive		ἐσχᾰ́του eskhắtou	ἐσχᾰ́της eskhắtēs	ἐσχᾰ́του eskhắtou		ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhắtoin	ἐσχᾰ́ταιν eskhắtain	ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhắtoin		ἐσχᾰ́των eskhắtōn	ἐσχᾰ́των eskhắtōn	ἐσχᾰ́των eskhắtōn
Dative		ἐσχᾰ́τῳ eskhắtōi	ἐσχᾰ́τῃ eskhắtēi	ἐσχᾰ́τῳ eskhắtōi		ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhắtoin	ἐσχᾰ́ταιν eskhắtain	ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhắtoin		ἐσχᾰ́τοις eskhắtois	ἐσχᾰ́ταις eskhắtais	ἐσχᾰ́τοις eskhắtois
Accusative		ἔσχᾰτον éskhăton	ἐσχᾰ́την eskhắtēn	ἔσχᾰτον éskhăton		ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhắtō	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱ eskhắtā	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhắtō		ἐσχᾰ́τους eskhắtous	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱς eskhắtās	ἔσχᾰτᾰ éskhătă
Vocative		ἔσχᾰτε éskhăte	ἐσχᾰ́τη eskhắtē	ἔσχᾰτον éskhăton		ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhắtō	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱ eskhắtā	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhắtō		ἔσχᾰτοι éskhătoi	ἔσχᾰται éskhătai	ἔσχᾰτᾰ éskhătă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἐσχᾰ́τως ἔσχᾰτον eskhắtōs éskhăton				ἐσχᾰτώτερος eskhătṓteros				ἐσχᾰτώτᾰτος eskhătṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• δευτερέσχατος (deuteréskhatos)
• ἐσχατάω (eskhatáō)
• ἐσχατεύω (eskhateúō)
• ἐσχατιά (eskhatiá)
• ἐσχατίζω (eskhatízō)
• ἐσχάτιος (eskhátios)
• ἐσχατιώτης (eskhatiṓtēs)
• ἐσχατόγηρος (eskhatógēros)
• ἐσχατόγηρως (eskhatógērōs)
• ἐσχατόεις (eskhatóeis)
• ἐσχατοκόλλιον (eskhatokóllion)
• ἔσχᾰτον (éskhăton)
• πανέσχατος (panéskhatos)
• παρέσχατος (paréskhatos)
• περιέσχατα (periéskhata)

Descendants

• → Greek: έσχατος (éschatos) (learned)
• →⇒ English: eschatology
• → Laz: ესკატი (esǩaťi)

References

• “ἔσχατος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἔσχατος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἔσχατος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἔσχατος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἔσχατος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἔσχατος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2078 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • abject idem, page 2.
  • acute idem, page 10.
  • closing idem, page 139.
  • concluding idem, page 155.
  • distant idem, page 240.
  • end idem, page 272.
  • excruciating idem, page 289.
  • exquisite idem, page 296.
  • extreme idem, page 298.
  • extremity idem, page 298.
  • final idem, page 320.
  • furthest idem, page 350.
  • highest idem, page 400.
  • hind idem, page 400.
  • inmost idem, page 442.
  • last idem, page 477.
  • nethermost idem, page 556.
  • out of idem, page 581.
  • outermost idem, page 582.
  • outlying idem, page 582.
  • poignant idem, page 623.
  • remote idem, page 694.
  • stage idem, page 808.
  • supreme idem, page 842.
  • thorough-going idem, page 868.
  • ultimate idem, page 905.
  • utmost idem, page 941.
  • utter idem, page 941.
  • uttermost idem, page 941.
  • verge idem, page 948.
  • worst idem, page 990.