ἔτλην
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“endure”). Related to τᾰ́λᾰντον (tắlănton, “(measuring) scale, talent”) and possibly to Ἄτλᾱς (Átlās); also to Latin tolerō and Old English þolian.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.tlɛːn/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.tle̝n/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.tlin/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.tlin/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.tlin/
Verb
[edit]ἔτλην • (étlēn)
- (poetic) to suffer, undergo; endure, be patient, submit (sometimes with accusative)
- (poetic) to bring oneself to do something contrary to one's inclination or feelings, good or bad: dare, venture, have the courage, have the cruelty to do (with infinitive, accusative or participle)
Usage notes
[edit]Perfect τέτληκα (tétlēka) frequently has present meaning. The present form *τλάω (*tláō) found in some dictionaries is not actually attested.
ἔτλην is used in poetry, τολμάω (tolmáō) in prose.
Inflection
[edit] Aorist: ἔτλην (Attic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔτλην, ἔτλᾰν |
ἔτλης, ἔτλᾰς |
ἔτλη, ἔτλᾰ |
ἔτλητον | ἐτλήτην | ἔτλημεν | ἔτλητε | ἔτλησᾰν, ἔτλᾰσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | τλῶ | τλῇς | τλῇ | τλῆτον | τλῆτον | τλῶμεν | τλῆτε | τλῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τλαίην | τλαίης | τλαίη | τλαῖτον / τλαίητον | τλαίτην / τλαιήτην | τλαῖμεν / τλαίημεν | τλαῖτε / τλαίητε | τλαῖεν / τλαίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | τλῆθῐ | τλήτω | τλῆτον | τλήτων | τλῆτε | τλᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | τλῆναι, τλήμεν(αι) |
||||||||||||
| participle | m | τλᾱ́ς | |||||||||||
| f | τλᾶσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | τλᾰ́ν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τλῆν | τλῆς | τλῆ | τλῆτον | τλήτην | τλῆμεν | τλῆτε | τλῆσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | τλῶ, τλῶμῐ |
τλῇς, τλῇσθᾰ |
τλῇ, τλῇσῐ |
τλῆτον | τλῆτον | τλῶμεν | τλῆτε | τλῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τλαίην | τλαίης | τλαίη | τλαῖτον | τλαίτην | τλαῖμεν | τλαῖτε | τλαῖεν | |||||
| imperative | τλῆθῐ | τλήτω | τλῆτον | τλήτων | τλῆτε | τλᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | τλᾰ́μεν(αι) | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | τλᾱ́ς | |||||||||||
| f | τλᾶσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | τλᾰ́ν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: τλήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | τλήσομαι | τλήσῃ / τλήσει | τλήσεται | τλήσεσθον | τλήσεσθον | τλησόμεθᾰ | τλήσεσθε | τλήσονται | ||||
| optative | τλησοίμην | τλήσοιο | τλήσοιτο | τλήσοισθον | τλησοίσθην | τλησοίμεθᾰ | τλήσοισθε | τλήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | τλήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | τλησόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | τλησομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | τλησόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: τλᾰ́σομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | τλᾰ́σομαι | τλᾰ́σῃ / τλᾰ́σει | τλᾰ́σεται | τλᾰ́σεσθον | τλᾰ́σεσθον | τλᾰσόμεθᾰ | τλᾰ́σεσθε | τλᾰ́σονται | ||||
| optative | τλᾰσοίμην | τλᾰ́σοιο | τλᾰ́σοιτο | τλᾰ́σοισθον | τλᾰσοίσθην | τλᾰσοίμεθᾰ | τλᾰ́σοισθε | τλᾰ́σοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | τλᾰ́σεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | τλᾰσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | τλᾰσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | τλᾰσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: τᾰλᾰ́σσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | τᾰλᾰ́σσομαι | τᾰλᾰ́σσῃ / τᾰλᾰ́σσει | τᾰλᾰ́σσεται | τᾰλᾰ́σσεσθον | τᾰλᾰ́σσεσθον | τᾰλᾰσσόμεθᾰ | τᾰλᾰ́σσεσθε | τᾰλᾰ́σσονται | ||||
| optative | τᾰλᾰσσοίμην | τᾰλᾰ́σσοιο | τᾰλᾰ́σσοιτο | τᾰλᾰ́σσοισθον | τᾰλᾰσσοίσθην | τᾰλᾰσσοίμεθᾰ | τᾰλᾰ́σσοισθε | τᾰλᾰ́σσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | τᾰλᾰ́σσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | τᾰλᾰσσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | τᾰλᾰσσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | τᾰλᾰσσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: τέτληκᾰ
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τέτληκᾰ | τέτληκᾰς | τέτληκε(ν) | τετλήκᾰτον | τετλήκᾰτον | τετλήκᾰμεν | τετλήκᾰτε | τετλήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | τετλήκω | τετλήκῃς | τετλήκῃ | τετλήκητον | τετλήκητον | τετλήκωμεν | τετλήκητε | τετλήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τετλήκοιμῐ / τετληκοίην | τετλήκοις / τετληκοίης | τετλήκοι / τετληκοίη | τετλήκοιτον | τετληκοίτην | τετλήκοιμεν | τετλήκοιτε | τετλήκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | τέτληκε | τετληκέτω | τετλήκετον | τετληκέτων | τετλήκετε | τετληκόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | τετληκέναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | τετληκώς | |||||||||||
| f | τετληκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | τετληκός | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τέτλᾰτον | τέτλᾰτον | τέτλᾰμεν | τέτλᾰτε | τετλᾶσῐ(ν) | |||||||
| subjunctive | τετλῶ, τετλῶμῐ |
τετλῇς, τετλῇσθᾰ |
τετλῇ, τετλῇσῐ |
τετλῆτον | τετλῆτον | τετλῶμεν | τετλῆτε | τετλῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τετλαίην | τετλαίης | τετλαίη | τετλαῖτον | τετλαίτην | τετλαῖμεν | τετλαῖτε | τετλαῖεν | |||||
| imperative | τέτλᾰθῐ | τετλᾰ́τω | τέτλᾰτον | τετλᾰ́των | τέτλᾰτε | τετλᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | τετλᾰ́ναι, τετλᾰ́μεν(αι) |
||||||||||||
| participle | m | τετληώς | |||||||||||
| f | τετληϋῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | τετληός | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τέτλᾰτον | τέτλᾰτον | τέτλᾰμεν | τέτλᾰτε | τετλᾶσῐ(ν) | |||||||
| subjunctive | τετλῶ | τετλῇς | τετλῇ | τετλῆτον | τετλῆτον | τετλῶμεν | τετλῆτε | τετλῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τετλαίην | τετλαίης | τετλαίη | τετλαῖτον | τετλαίτην | τετλαῖμεν | τετλαῖτε | τετλαῖεν | |||||
| imperative | τέτλᾰθῐ | τετλᾰ́τω | τέτλᾰτον | τετλᾰ́των | τέτλᾰτε | τετλᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | τετλᾰ́ναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | τετληώς | |||||||||||
| f | τετληϋῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | τετληός | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐτέτλᾰτον | ἐτετλᾰ́την | ἐτέτλᾰμεν | ἐτέτλᾰτε | ἐτέτλᾰσᾰν | |||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- ταλαύρῑνος (talaúrīnos)
References
[edit]- “τλάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἔτλην”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- τλάω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963