ἱερός
Contents
Ancient Greek[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *ish₁ros. There are a number of candidate cognates with this word. Compare Sanskrit इषिर (iṣirá) and Oscan 𐌀𐌉𐌔𐌖𐌔𐌉𐌔 (aisusis).
Pronunciation[edit]
- 5th BC Attic: IPA: /hi.e.rós/ ambiguous vowel ἱ at 1
- 1st BC Egyptian: IPA: /(h)i.ɛ.ˈros/
- 4th AD Koine: IPA: /i.e.ˈros/
- 10th AD Byzantine: IPA: /i.e.ˈros/
- 15th AD Constantinopolitan: IPA: /i.e.ˈros/
Adjective[edit]
ἱερός • (hierós) m (feminine ἱερᾱ́, neuter ἱερόν); first/second declension
- Connected with the gods, supernatural
- holy, sacred, consecrated
- Under divine protection
Usage notes[edit]
The ι is generally short in ἱερός (hierós), but sometimes lengthened for the sake of meter in poetry: ῑ̔ερός (hīerós). The contracted form ῑ̔ρός (hīrós) always has long ῑ.
Inflection[edit]
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||||||||
| Nominative | ἱερός | ἱερᾱ́1 | ἱερόν | ἱερώ | ἱερᾱ́ | ἱερώ | ἱεροί | ἱεραί | ἱερᾰ́ | |||||||||||
| Genitive | ἱεροῦ2 | ἱερᾶς3 | ἱεροῦ2 | ἱεροῖν4 | ἱεραῖν5 | ἱεροῖν4 | ἱερῶν | ἱερῶν6 | ἱερῶν | |||||||||||
| Dative | ἱερῷ | ἱερᾷ7 | ἱερῷ | ἱεροῖν4 | ἱεραῖν5 | ἱεροῖν4 | ἱεροῖς8 | ἱεραῖς9 | ἱεροῖς8 | |||||||||||
| Accusative | ἱερόν | ἱερᾱ́ν10 | ἱερόν | ἱερώ | ἱερᾱ́ | ἱερώ | ἱερούς11 | ἱερᾱ́ς12 | ἱερᾰ́ | |||||||||||
| Vocative | ἱερέ | ἱερᾱ́1 | ἱερόν | ἱερώ | ἱερᾱ́ | ἱερώ | ἱεροί | ἱεραί | ἱερᾰ́ | |||||||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||||||||
| ἱερῶς | ἱερώτερος | ἱερώτᾰτος | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dialectal forms: | 1ἱερή (Epic, Ionic) 2ἱεροῦ / ἱεροῖο / ἱερόο (Epic); ἱεροῦ / ἱερῶ (Doric) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||||||||
| Nominative | ῑ̔ρός | ῑ̔ρή | ῑ̔ρόν | ῑ̔ρώ | ῑ̔ρᾱ́ | ῑ̔ρώ | ῑ̔ροί | ῑ̔ραί | ῑ̔ρᾰ́ | |||||||||||
| Genitive | ῑ̔ροῦ / ῑ̔ροῖο / ῑ̔ρόο | ῑ̔ρῆς | ῑ̔ροῦ / ῑ̔ροῖο / ῑ̔ρόο | ῑ̔ροῖῐν | ῑ̔ραῖ(ῐ)ν or ῑ̔ρῇῐν | ῑ̔ροῖῐν | ῑ̔ρῶν | ῑ̔ρᾱ́ων / ῑ̔ρέων / ῑ̔ρῶν | ῑ̔ρῶν | |||||||||||
| Dative | ῑ̔ρῷ | ῑ̔ρῇ | ῑ̔ρῷ | ῑ̔ροῖῐν | ῑ̔ραῖ(ῐ)ν or ῑ̔ρῇῐν | ῑ̔ροῖῐν | ῑ̔ροῖσῐ / ῑ̔ροῖς | ῑ̔ρῇσῐ / ῑ̔ρῇς / ῑ̔ραῖς | ῑ̔ροῖσῐ / ῑ̔ροῖς | |||||||||||
| Accusative | ῑ̔ρόν | ῑ̔ρήν | ῑ̔ρόν | ῑ̔ρώ | ῑ̔ρᾱ́ | ῑ̔ρώ | ῑ̔ρούς | ῑ̔ρᾱ́ς | ῑ̔ρᾰ́ | |||||||||||
| Vocative | ῑ̔ρέ | ῑ̔ρή | ῑ̔ρόν | ῑ̔ρώ | ῑ̔ρᾱ́ | ῑ̔ρώ | ῑ̔ροί | ῑ̔ραί | ῑ̔ρᾰ́ | |||||||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||||||||
| ῑ̔ρῶς | ῑ̔ρότερος | ῑ̔ρότᾰτος | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dialectal forms: | Not all forms, especially dialectal forms, are necessarily attested. Use with caution. | |||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ἱερός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἱερός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- «ἱερός» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- «ἱερός» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἱερός in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- “G2413”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- «ἱερός» in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th-12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- blessed idem, page 83.
- consecrated idem, page 162.
- devoted idem, page 221.
- hallowed idem, page 381.
- holy idem, page 403.
- inviolable idem, page 457.
- sacred idem, page 728.
- secular idem, page 747.
- spiritual idem, page 802.