ἵππος

See also: ίππος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἴκκος (íkkos)

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *íkkʷos (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀦 (i-qo)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos, from *h₁oh₁ḱu- (“swift”). Unexplained is ἱ (hi) for ἐ (e). Cognates include Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Latin equus, Gaulish epos, Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”) and Old English eoh.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /híp.pos/ → /ˈip.pos/ → /ˈi.pos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /híp.pos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)ip.pos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈip.pos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈip.pos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pos/

Noun

ῐ̔́ππος • (híppos) m, f (genitive ῐ̔́ππου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)

1. a horse, (feminine) a mare
2. (feminine) cavalry, horsemen

Declension

Second declension of ὁ, ἡ ῐ̔́ππος; τοῦ, τῆς ῐ̔́ππου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ ῐ̔́ππος ho, hē híppos	τὼ ῐ̔́ππω tṑ híppō	οἱ, αἱ ῐ̔́πποι hoi, hai híppoi
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς ῐ̔́ππου toû, tês híppou	τοῖν ῐ̔́πποιν toîn híppoin	τῶν ῐ̔́ππων tôn híppōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ ῐ̔́ππῳ tôi, têi híppōi	τοῖν ῐ̔́πποιν toîn híppoin	τοῖς, ταῖς ῐ̔́πποις toîs, taîs híppois
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν ῐ̔́ππον tòn, tḕn híppon	τὼ ῐ̔́ππω tṑ híppō	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ῐ̔́ππους toùs, tā̀s híppous
Vocative	ῐ̔́ππε híppe	ῐ̔́ππω híppō	ῐ̔́πποι híppoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Usage Notes

• When used as a collective noun ("horse, cavalry"), this word is always feminine singular, even with numerals.

  460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.41

  μετὰ δὲ ἵππος ἄλλη χιλίη ἐκ Περσέων ἀπολελεγμένη

  metà dè híppos állē khilíē ek Perséōn apolelegménē

  and after them came another thousand horsemen chosen out from the Persians

Derived terms

Terms derived from ἵππος (híppos)

• Ᾰ̓ρῐ́στῐππος (Arístippos)
• ἄφιππος (áphippos)
• Δέξῐππος (Déxippos)
• Ἕρμιππος (Hérmippos)
• Ἔφῐππος (Éphippos)
• Ζεύξῐππος (Zeúxippos)
• ἱππεύς (hippeús)
• ἱππικός (hippikós)
• ἱππόδρομος (hippódromos)

• Ῐ̔πποκλῆς (Hippoklês)
• Ῐ̔πποκρᾰ́της (Hippokrátēs)
• ἱπποπόταμος (hippopótamos)
• Κράτιππος (Krátippos)
• Κτήσῐππος (Ktḗsippos)
• Λεύκιππος (Leúkippos)
• Λῡ́σῐππος (Lū́sippos)
• Μελᾰνῐ́ππη (Melaníppē)

• Μελᾰ́νῐππος (Melánippos)
• Μένῐππος (Ménippos)
• Ξᾰνθῐ́ππη (Xanthíppē)
• Ξᾰ́νθῐππος (Xánthippos)
• Σπεύσιππος (Speúsippos)
• τέθριππον (téthrippon)
• Φίλιππος (Phílippos)
• Χρῡ́σῐππος (Khrū́sippos)

Descendants

• → English: hippo-
• → French: hippo-
• Greek: ίππος (íppos)

Further reading

• ἵππος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἵππος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἵππος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἵππος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἵππος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἵππος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2462 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • cavalry idem, page 119.
  • charger idem, page 125.
  • chivalry idem, page 131.
  • horse idem, page 406.
  • mare idem, page 514.