Ἰησοῦς

See also: Ιησούς and ΙΗΣΟΥΣ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Hellenized form of Semitic proper name roughly equivalent to Ῐ̓ησοῦ (Ĭēsoû) +‎ -ς (-s); Hellenic case suffixes added to an approximated Greek literal phonetic rendering of Aramaic יֵשׁוּע (yēšū́ʿ, “Jesus”) and Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ, “Jesus” or “Joshua”), a syncopated relative of Biblical Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (yĕhōšúaʿ, “Joshua”); ultimately can be traced to Paleo-Hebrew primitive root Biblical Hebrew 𐤉𐤔𐤏 (y-š-ʕ, “to deliver, save”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /i.iˈsus/ → /i.iˈsus/

• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /i.e̝ˈsus/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /i.iˈsus/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /i.iˈsus/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /i.iˈsus/

Proper noun

Ῐ̓ησοῦς • (Ĭēsoûs) m (genitive Ῐ̓ησοῦ); irregular declension

1. (biblical, Christianity, New Testament) Jesus, Jeshua, Yeshua
2. (biblical, Judaism, Hebrew Bible (Septuagint)) Joshua, Jehoshua, Yehoshua

Declension

• The Septuagint uses Ἰησοῖ (Iēsoî) as the dative, while the New Testament uses Ἰησοῦ (Iēsoû).

Irregular declension of ὁ Ῐ̓ησοῦς; τοῦ Ῐ̓ησοῦ (Koine)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ Ῐ̓ησοῦς ho Ĭēsoûs
Genitive	τοῦ Ῐ̓ησοῦ toû Ĭēsoû
Dative	τῷ Ῐ̓ησοῖ / Ῐ̓ησοῦ tōî Ĭēsoî / Ĭēsoû
Accusative	τὸν Ῐ̓ησοῦν tòn Ĭēsoûn
Vocative	Ῐ̓ησοῦ Ĭēsoû

Derived terms

• Ῐ̓ησοῦς Χρῑστός (Ĭēsoûs Khrīstós)

Descendants

• → Aghwan: 𐔺𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕚 (yesus)
• → Coptic: ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ (iēsous)
• → Georgian: იესო (ieso)
• → Gothic: 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 (iēsus)
• Greek: Ιησούς (Iisoús)
• Hebrew: יֵשׁוּ
• → Latin: Iēsūs, Jēsūs (disyllabic, Ecclesiastical Latin), iħs, IHS (abbreviation)
  • → Aragonese: Chesús
  • → Car Nicobarese: Yēsū
  • Catalan: Jesús
  • → Chinese: 耶穌 / 耶稣 (Yēsū)
    • Mandarin: 耶穌 / 耶稣 (Yēsū, Yésū)
    • Cantonese: 耶穌 / 耶稣 (je4 sou1)
  • Corsican: Gesù, Ghjesù
  • Danish: Jesus
  • → Esperanto: Jesuo
  • → Finnish: Jeesus
  • French: Jésus
  • → Hungarian: Jézus
  • → Ido: Iesu
  • → Interlingua: Jesus
  • → Old Irish: Íssu, Ísu
    • Irish: Íosa
    • Manx: Yeesey
    • Scottish Gaelic: Ìosa
  • → Indonesian: Yesus (learned)
  • Italian: Gesù, Giesù
  • Icelandic: Jesús
  • → Japanese: イエス (Iesu) (learned)
  • → Korean: 예수 (Yesu)
  • Ladino: Yeshu
  • Ligurian: Gesû, Gexù
  • → Middle English: Jhesus, Iesus, Ihesus, Jesus
    • English: Jesus
    • Scots: Jesus
  • → Middle High German: Jesus
    • Central Franconian:
      • >? Hunsrik: Jesses
    • German: Jesus, Jhesus, JEsus
      • → Hunsrik: Jesus
  • Old Occitan: Yeshu
  • Occitan: Jèsus
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: Jesu, Jheso, Ihesu
    • Galician: Xesús
    • Portuguese: Jesus, Gzuis
      • → Japanese: ゼス, ゼズス
      • → Old Tupi: Îesu
  • Old Leonese: Ihesu
    • Asturian: Xesús, Xuasús, Xasús
    • Leonese: Xesús, Xuasús
    • Mirandese: Jasus
  • Old Lombard: Jesu
    • Lombard: Gesù
  • Piedmontese: Gesù
  • Romansh: Gesu
  • Sardinian: Gesùs
  • Sicilian: Gisù, Jisù
  • → Old Swedish: Iesus
    • Swedish: Jesus
  • Old Spanish: Jesu, Jeso
    • Spanish: Jesús
  • Venetan: Gesù
  • → Vietnamese: Giêsu
• → Old Armenian: Յիսուս (Yisus)
  • Armenian: Հիսուս (Hisus)
• → Old Church Slavonic: Іисоусъ (Iisusŭ), Исоусъ (Isusŭ)
  • → Belarusian: Ісу́с (Isús)
  • Bulgarian: Иису́с (Iisús), Ису́с (Isús)
  • → Gagauz: İisus, İisuz, İisoz
  • → Japanese: イイスス (Iisusu)
  • → Macedonian: Исус (Isus)
  • → Romanian: Iisus, Isus
  • → Pre-reform Russian: Іисусъ (Iisus)
    • Russian: Иисус (Iisus)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: Ìsus, Ѝсус
  • → Ukrainian: Ісу́с (Isús)

References

• “Ἰησοῦς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Ἰησοῦς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G2424 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• LSJ