己

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See also: 乙, 已, and 巳
己 U+5DF1, 己
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DF1
← 巰
[U+5DF0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 已 →
[U+5DF2]
⼰ U+2F30, ⼰
KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF
← ⼯
[U+2F2F] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼱ →
[U+2F31]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 49 己

己 (Kangxi radical 49, 己+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸山 (SU), four-corner 17717, composition ⿳𠃍一乚)

  1. Kangxi radical #49, ⼰.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №518

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 己:
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/己部/己部#己|己部/己部]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8742
  • Dae Jaweon: page 630, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 983, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5DF1

Baekje[edit]

Noun[edit]

己 (*kɨ) (Nihon shoki 基 or 紀)

  1. walled settlement
    Synonyms: 忽 (xol), サシ (casI)

Descendants[edit]

  • → Old Japanese: 城 (ki2)
    • Japanese: 城 (ki)

References[edit]

  • John Bentley (2000) “New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon shoki”, in Language Research‎[1], volume 36, number 2, Seoul National University, pages 417—443
  • Alexander Vovin (2005) “Koguryo and Paekche: Different Languages or Dialects of Old Korean?”, in Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies, volume 2, number 2, Koguryo Research Foundation, pages 108—140
  • Alexander Vovin (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎[2], volume 15, number 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 222—240

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 己
alternative forms 𢀒
Wikipedia has articles on:
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Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 己
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
改 *klɯːʔ
跽 *ɡrɯʔ
己 *kɯʔ
紀 *kɯʔ
妀 *kɯʔ
記 *kɯs
杞 *kʰɯʔ
屺 *kʰɯʔ
芑 *kʰɯʔ
邔 *kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘 *kʰɯʔ
忌 *ɡɯs
鵋 *ɡɯs
誋 *ɡɯs
梞 *ɡɯs

Pictogram (象形) – silk rope for binding objects. Original form of 紀 (OC *kɯʔ). The character must not be confused with 已 and 巳.

Etymology[edit]

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: kī - vernacular, kí - literary.
Note: gi7 - used in 家己.
Rime
Character 己
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居里切
Baxter kiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨX/
Li
Rong 		/kiəX/
Wang
Li 		/kĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gei2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 己 己
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐ jǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kiX › ‹ kiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k(r)əʔ/ /*k(r)əʔ/
English 6th heavenly stem self

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 己
Reading # 1/1
No. 5765
Phonetic
component 		己
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯʔ/

Definitions[edit]

己

  1. self; oneself
  2. personal; private
  3. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
  4. a surname

Coordinate terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

己

  1. Only used in 潮州音樂——自己顧自己／潮州音乐——自己顾自己.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

己

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. itself, oneself

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Usage notes[edit]

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ko2⟩ and ⟨go2⟩.

Etymology 1[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
己
き
Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 己 (MC kiX).

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

己(き) • (Ki) 

  1. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
つちのと
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 土 (tsuchi, “earth”, one of the Chinese five elements) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

己(つちのと) • (Tsuchinoto) 

  1. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おのれ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From 己 (ono, reflexive or first-person pronoun, see below) +‎ れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending).

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

  1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
  2. first-person pronoun: I, me
  3. second-person pronoun: you (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    Synonyms: お前 (omae), 貴様 (kisama)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
See also[edit]
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person) 		na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person) 		k-
“this”
(close to speaker) 		s-
“that”
(close to listener) 		a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both) 		i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative) 		ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Person あ (a)
あれ (are)
わ (wa)
われ (ware)
まろ (maro) 		な (na)
なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi) 		こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		た (ta)
たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi) 		おの (ono)
おのれ (onore)
Thing こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Location ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko) 		いづく (izuku)
いづこ (izuko)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Direction こち (kochi)
こなた (konata) 		そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata) 		あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata) 		いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner か (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō) 		さ (sa)
さて (sate)
しか (shika) 		いか (ika)
Time いつ (itsu)

Adverb[edit]

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

  1. by oneself
    Synonyms: 自然に (shizen ni), 独りでに (hitori de ni)

Interjection[edit]

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

  1. An interjection expressing anger or chagrin

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おの
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Seemingly akin to Miyako ッヴァ (vva, 2nd person singular pronoun). See also うぬ (unu) and うな (una).

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

己(おの) • (ono) 

  1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
  2. first-person pronoun: I, me
    Synonyms: 私 (watakushi), 我 (ware)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
See also[edit]
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person) 		na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person) 		k-
“this”
(close to speaker) 		s-
“that”
(close to listener) 		a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both) 		i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative) 		ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Person あ (a)
あれ (are)
わ (wa)
われ (ware)
まろ (maro) 		な (na)
なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi) 		こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		た (ta)
たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi) 		おの (ono)
おのれ (onore)
Thing こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Location ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko) 		いづく (izuku)
いづこ (izuko)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Direction こち (kochi)
こなた (konata) 		そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata) 		あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata) 		いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner か (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō) 		さ (sa)
さて (sate)
しか (shika) 		いか (ika)
Time いつ (itsu)

Etymology 5[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おれ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

己(おれ) • (ore) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 俺 (ore): first-person pronoun: I, me
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 6[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おら
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

己(おら) • (ora) 

  1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 7[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
うぬ
Grade: 6
irregular

Sound shift from ono (see above).[1]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

Pronoun[edit]

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

  1. second-person pronoun: you
  2. reflexive pronoun: oneself
    Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)
Derived terms[edit]

Interjection[edit]

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

  1. (vulgar) you!; you blockhead!

Etymology 8[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
うら
Grade: 6
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

己(うら) • (ura) 

  1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 9[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おどれ
Grade: 6
irregular

Sound shift from onore (see above).[1]

Pronoun[edit]

己(おどれ) • (odore) 

  1. second-person pronoun: you
    Synonyms: 己 (unu), 貴様 (kisama)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

己 (eumhun 자기 기 (jagi gi))

  1. Hanja form? of 기 (“self”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

己: Hán Nôm readings: kỷ, kỉ, kỳ

  1. chữ Hán form of Kỉ (“sixth of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds[edit]

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