麥
(Redirected from ⿆)
See also: 麦
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
[edit]
麥 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十人弓戈 (JONI), four-corner 40207, composition ⿱來夊)
- Kangxi radical #199, ⿆.
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1512, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47717
- Dae Jaweon: page 2041, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4600, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9EA5
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 麥 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 麦* | |
| alternative forms | 麦 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 麥 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯːɡ) : phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ) + semantic 夊 (“footprint pointing down; to walk slowly”); according to Xu Shen, its meaning is "wheat". 來 was the original character for “wheat”.
Several possible interpretations for the glyph:
- This character is a differentiation from 來. Originally, 來 meant "wheat", then it was phonetically borrowed since oracle bones to mean "to come". During the Warring States period, 麥 is attested and perhaps was coined specifically to mean "come". Eventually, since 來 lost its original meaning (wheat), this meaning shifted to 麥.
- 夊 represents the ancient concept reported by Shuowen Jiezi that wheat came from the heavens (i.e., the Fertile Crescent).
- 夊 represents growth of the wheat plant.
Etymology
[edit]Etymologically unrelated to 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”). Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m‑rə(k) (“buckwheat”) and cognate with Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo, “buckwheat”); also compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *g-ra² (“buckwheat”). STEDT compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bra (“buckwheat”) (provisional).
Starostin (2009), on the other hand, compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tungusic *murgi (“barley”), Middle Korean 밇 (milh, “wheat”), Old Japanese 麦 (mugi1, “wheat; barley”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): me2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): mah6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): mà
- Eastern Min (BUC): măk / mĕk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ba2 / beh7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8maq
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): me6
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): me6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mài
- Wade–Giles: mai4
- Yale: mài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: may
- Palladius: май (maj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /maɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mò
- Wade–Giles: mo4
- Yale: mwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
- Palladius: мо (mo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: me2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: me
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mak6 / maak6
- Yale: mahk / maahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mak9 / maak9
- Guangdong Romanization: meg6 / mag6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐk̚²/, /maːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: maak6 - variant.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbak̚³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mah6
- Sinological IPA (key): /maʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: mag
- Hagfa Pinyim: mag6
- Sinological IPA: /mak̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: magˋ
- Sinological IPA: /mak²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /miəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mà
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: măk / mĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /maʔ⁵/, /mɛiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- măk - vernacular;
- mĕk - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ba2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pa¹³/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: beh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɛʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: beh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɛʔ²⁴/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- ba2 - vernacular;
- beh7 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍eh
- Tâi-lô: be̍eh
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍k
- Tâi-lô: bi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: bek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /biɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍k
- Tâi-lô: bia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: biak
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /biak̚²⁴/
Note:
- be̍h/be̍eh - vernacular (including surname);
- be̍k/bia̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhêh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: be̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /beʔ⁴/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: me6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɤ̞²⁴/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: me6
- Sinological IPA (key): /me²²/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: meak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-rˤək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]麥
- general term for wheat, barley, oats, ryes, etc.
- (specifically) wheat
- (Hainanese) corn; maize
- Short for 麥克風／麦克风 (màikèfēng, “microphone”).
- Short for 麥克斯韋／麦克斯韦 (Màikèsīwéi).
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 傳聲器, 微音器, 擴音器, 話筒, 麥克風 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 麥克風, 話筒, 麥 |
| Singapore | 麥克風 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咪, 話筒 |
| Hong Kong | 咪, 咪高峰 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 咪, 麥克風, 話筒 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麥克 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 麥克 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 麥克 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 麥克, 放送頭 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 麥克 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 麥克 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 麥克風, 話筒 |
| New Taipei (Pingxi) | 麥克 | |
| Tainan (Anping) | 麥克 | |
| Shantou | 麥克風, 話筒 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 麥克風, 話筒 |
| Wenzhou | 話筒, 麥 | |
Compounds
[edit]- 不辨菽麥／不辨菽麦 (bùbiànshūmài)
- 丹麥／丹麦 (Dānmài)
- 丹麥人／丹麦人 (dānmàirén)
- 丹麥學派／丹麦学派
- 丹麥王國／丹麦王国 (Dānmài Wángguó)
- 丹麥語／丹麦语 (Dānmàiyǔ)
- 元麥／元麦
- 兔絲燕麥／兔丝燕麦
- 冬小麥／冬小麦 (dōngxiǎomài)
- 冬麥／冬麦 (dōngmài)
- 喀麥隆／喀麦隆 (Kāmàilóng)
- 堯夫助麥／尧夫助麦
- 大麥／大麦 (dàmài)
- 大麥籽／大麦籽
- 宿麥／宿麦
- 小麥／小麦 (xiǎomài)
- 打麥／打麦
- 打麥場／打麦场
- 拉愛麥／拉爱麦
- 挽麥子／挽麦子
- 春大麥／春大麦
- 春小麥／春小麦
- 春麥／春麦
- 毒麥／毒麦 (dúmài)
- 烏麥／乌麦
- 燕麥／燕麦 (yànmài)
- 燕麥片／燕麦片 (yànmàipiàn)
- 玉麥／玉麦 (Yùmài)
- 瑞麥／瑞麦
- 番麥粒／番麦粒
- 看麥娘／看麦娘
- 破麥破梨／破麦破梨
- 稞麥／稞麦
- 種麥得麥／种麦得麦
- 菽麥／菽麦
- 菽麥不辨／菽麦不辨
- 蕎麥／荞麦 (qiáomài)
- 蕎麥皮／荞麦皮
- 蕎麥麵／荞麦面 (qiáomàimiàn)
- 裸麥／裸麦 (luǒmài)
- 開麥拉／开麦拉 (kāimàilā)
- 雀麥／雀麦
- 高鳳流麥／高凤流麦
- 麥丘老人／麦丘老人
- 麥仔／麦仔 (ma̍k-é)
- 麥信風／麦信风
- 麥候／麦候
- 麥個子／麦个子
- 麥克風／麦克风 (màikèfēng)
- 麥冬／麦冬 (màidōng)
- 麥加／麦加 (Màijiā)
- 麥口期／麦口期
- 麥地那／麦地那 (Màidìnà)
- 麥子／麦子 (màizi)
- 麥寮鄉／麦寮乡
- 麥嶺／麦岭 (màilǐng)
- 麥末／麦末
- 麥浪／麦浪
- 麥燒／麦烧
- 麥片／麦片 (màipiàn)
- 麥生／麦生
- 麥生糖／麦生糖
- 麥田／麦田 (màitián)
- 麥畦／麦畦
- 麥當勞／麦当劳 (Màidāngláo)
- 麥碴兒／麦碴儿
- 麥秀／麦秀
- 麥秀兩歧／麦秀两歧
- 麥秀歌／麦秀歌
- 麥秋／麦秋 (màiqiū)
- 麥積山／麦积山
- 麥穗／麦穗 (màisuì)
- 麥穗兩歧／麦穗两歧
- 麥管／麦管
- 麥粉／麦粉 (màifěn)
- 麥粒腫／麦粒肿 (màilìzhǒng)
- 麥精／麦精
- 麥糠／麦糠 (màikāng)
- 麥舟／麦舟
- 麥芒／麦芒 (màimáng)
- 麥芽／麦芽 (màiyá)
- 麥芽糖／麦芽糖 (màiyátáng)
- 麥苗／麦苗 (màimiáo)
- 麥茬／麦茬
- 麥蓋提／麦盖提 (Màigàití)
- 麥蚜／麦蚜
- 麥蚻／麦蚻
- 麥西／麦西
- 麥角／麦角 (màijiǎo)
- 麥酒／麦酒 (màijiǔ)
- 麥隴／麦陇 (màilǒng)
- 麥飯／麦饭
- 麥麩／麦麸 (màifū)
- 黍離麥秀／黍离麦秀
- 黑麥／黑麦 (hēimài)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- (Min Nan) “Entry #8112”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]| 麦 | |
| 麥 |
Kanji
[edit]麥
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麦)
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Kangxi Radicals block
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Puxian Min hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Puxian Min nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Sichuanese proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Puxian Min proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 麥
- Hainanese Chinese
- Chinese short forms
- Chinese surnames
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Cantonese terms with quotations
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese hyōgai kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading みゃく
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ばく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading むぎ
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- CJKV radicals