不仁

Chinese

		not; no	humane; kernel
simp. and trad. (不仁)		不	仁

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bùrén

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄖㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bat¹ jan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): put-yìn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bùrén
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄖㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bùrén
    • Wade–Giles: pu⁴-jên²
    • Yale: bù-rén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buren
    • Palladius: бужэнь (bužɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bat¹ jan⁴
    • Yale: bāt yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bat⁷ jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: bed¹ yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-yìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: bud` inˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bud<sup>5</sup> yin<sup>2</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /put̚² in¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-yìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: bud` (r)inˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bud⁵ yin²
    • Sinological IPA: /put̚² (j)in¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: pjuw|pjuwX|pjut nyin

Rime
Character	不	不	不	仁
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)	文 (60)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	III
Fanqie	甫鳩切	方久切	分勿切	如鄰切
Baxter	pjuw	pjuwX	pjut	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨu/	/pɨuX/	/pɨut̚/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/piu/	/piuX/	/piut̚/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/piəu/	/piəuX/	/piuət̚/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puw/	/puwX/	/put̚/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/piu/	/piuX/	/piuət̚/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/pĭəu/	/pĭəuX/	/pĭuət̚/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯u/	/pi̯ə̯uX/	/pi̯uət̚/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fōu	fǒu	fu	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau1	fau2	fat1	jan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə  niŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ'  njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	不	不	仁
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bù	bù	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuw ›	‹ pjuw ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*pə/	/*pə/	/*niŋ/
English	not	不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn)	kind
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	不	不	不	仁
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
No.	1025	1029	1048	10801
Phonetic component	不	不	不	人
Rime group	之	之	物	眞
Rime subdivision	0	0	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	不	缶	弗	仁
Old Chinese	/*pɯ/	/*pɯʔ/	/*pɯ'/	/*njin/
Notes		象花柎與本同源	中古才促化

Adjective

不仁

1. (formal) showing no mercy; inhumane

   • 孟子曰：「不仁而得國者，有之矣；不仁而得天下，未之有也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     孟子曰：「不仁而得国者，有之矣；不仁而得天下，未之有也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Mèngzǐ yuē: “Bùrén ér dé guó zhě, yǒu zhī yǐ; bùrén ér dé tiānxià, wèi zhī yǒu yě.” [Pinyin]

     Mencius said, “There have been inhumane men who have come to rule a state, but there has never been an inhumane man who has come to rule the world.”

   • 漁者利其肉，寡者貪其力，下爲不仁，上爲無德。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     渔者利其肉，寡者贪其力，下为不仁，上为无德。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Yú zhě lì qí ròu, guǎ zhě tān qí lì, xià wèi bùrén, shàng wèi wúdé. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (formal, of skin) numb

Derived terms

• 殘暴不仁／残暴不仁 (cánbàobùrén)
• 麻木不仁 (mámùbùrén)

 

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
不	仁

Adjective

不仁

1. chữ Hán form of bất nhân.