串

串 U+4E32, 串 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E32 ← 丱 [U+4E31] CJK Unified Ideographs 丳 → [U+4E33]

串 U+F905, 串 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F905 ← 滑 [U+F904] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 句 → [U+F906]

Translingual

Han character

串 (radical 2 丨+6, 7 strokes, cangjie input 中中 (LL), four-corner 5000₆, composition ⿻丨吕)

Derived characters

• 患, 𠁷, 𠁸, 𠁺, 𠁻, 𠳡, 𢈢, 𫡌, 𫡍, 𫡎

References

• KangXi: page 80, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 80
• Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 30, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4E32

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		串

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 串
Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script
Bronze inscriptions b00680 b00681 b00682
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) – objects strung together.

Etymology

Cognate with 穿 (OC *kʰljon, *kʰljons, “to pierce through; to wear”), 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to penetrate”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chuàn (chuan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhon
• Min Dong (BUC): chióng
• Min Nan (POJ): chhǹg / chhoàn
• Wu (Wiktionary): tshoe (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: chuàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄢˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'uan⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuann
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯a̠n⁵¹/
    • 
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed) (串兒／串儿)⁺
    • Pinyin: chuànr
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄢˋㄦ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'uanrh⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuall
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰwɑɻ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cyun³
    • Yale: chyun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn³
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun³
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhon
    • Hakka Romanization System: con
    • Hagfa Pinyim: con⁴
    • IPA: /t͡sʰon⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chióng
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǹg / chhoàn
    • Tâi-lô: tshǹg / tshuàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhngx, zhoaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/, /t͡sʰuan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴¹/, /t͡sʰuan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/, /t͡sʰuan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰŋ̍¹¹/, /t͡sʰuan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/, /t͡sʰuan²¹/

Note:

• chhǹg - vernacular;
• chhoàn - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tshoe (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰø³⁴/

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• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰjons/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	串
Reading #	2/2
No.	1647
Phonetic component	串
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	釧
Old Chinese	/*kʰjons/

Definitions

串

1. to string together; to link up
2. string; chain; series
3. skewer
4. Classifier for strung, bunched or clustered objects.

   一串珠子  ―  yī chuàn zhūzǐ  ―  a string of beads

   一串鞭炮  ―  yī chuàn biānpào  ―  a string of firecrackers

   一串葡萄  ―  yī chuàn pútáo  ―  a bunch of grapes

5. to gang up on; to conspire; to collaborate
6. to cross; to criss-cross; to traverse to; to mix (undesirably)
7. to pay a visit to; to visit; to move about
8. to play (a role); to act
9. (Cantonese) to spell (a word in Roman letters)
10. (Cantonese, slang, may be derived from 串聯 during the Cultural Revolution) cocksure; arrogant; cocky
11. (Cantonese, slang) sarcastic

Compounds

Derived terms from 串

• 一串珠
• 一串紅／一串红 (yīchuànhóng)
• 一串驪珠／一串骊珠
• 一連串／一连串 (yīliánchuàn)
• 不上串
• 串供 (chuàngòng)
• 串同
• 串味
• 串哄
• 串場／串场 (chuànchǎng)
• 串子
• 串定
• 串客
• 串座
• 串戲／串戏
• 串打
• 串換／串换
• 串杖
• 串氣／串气 (chuànqì)

• 串游
• 串演
• 串燒／串烧 (chuànshāo)
• 串疽
• 串票
• 串秧兒／串秧儿
• 串聯／串联 (chuànlián)
• 串聯電阻／串联电阻
• 串花
• 串花家
• 串街
• 串親戚／串亲戚
• 串講／串讲 (chuànjiǎng)
• 串通 (chuàntōng)
• 串通一氣／串通一气
• 串道
• 串鈴／串铃
• 串門子／串门子
• 串騙／串骗

• 串鼓
• 串鼻子
• 勾串
• 印串
• 反串 (fǎnchuàn)
• 大會串／大会串
• 客串 (kèchuàn)
• 戚串
• 手串兒／手串儿
• 獃串了皮
• 親串／亲串
• 貫串／贯串 (guànchuàn)
• 賣串兒／卖串儿
• 連串／连串 (liánchuàn)
• 錢串子／钱串子
• 香串
• 驪珠串／骊珠串
• 鬼串
• 黃串餅／黄串饼

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guàn (guan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: guàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
    • Wade-Giles: kuan⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
    • IPA ^(key): /ku̯a̠n⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwaan³
    • Yale: gwaan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: guan³
    • IPA ^(key): /kʷɑːn³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠuan^H/▼

Rime
Character	串
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古患切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuanH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨnH/
Li Rong	/kuanH/
Wang Li	/kwanH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guàn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*kˤro[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːns/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	串
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kwænH ›
Old Chinese	/*kˤro[n]-s/
English	custom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	串
Reading #	1/2
No.	1646
Phonetic component	串
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	慣
Old Chinese	/*kroːns/

Definitions

串

1. ^† to get close to; to fawn on; to be obsequious to; to curry favour with
2. ^† people on intimate terms
3. ^† habit; custom
4. ^† to joke; to banter

Compounds

Derived terms from 串

• 串暱／串昵
• 串狎

• 串用
• 串習／串习

• 戚串
• 親串／亲串

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Japanese

Kanji

串

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: けん (ken), せん (sen)
• Kan’on: かん (kan), せん (sen)
• Kun: くし (kushi), つらぬく (串く, tsuranuku)

Kanji in this term
串
くし Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun

串 (hiragana くし, rōmaji kushi)

1. skewer
2. (slang, computing) proxy server

   中国 (ちゅうごく)串 (くし)を使 (つか)わないと

   chūgoku kushi o tsukawanai to

   if you don't use a China proxy server

Synonyms

• (proxy): プロクシ (purokushi), プロクシサーバー (purokushi sābā), 串鯖 (くしさば) (kushisaba)

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Korean

Hanja

Eumhun 1

• Sound: 곶 (got)
• Meaning: 곶 (got)
  1. a cape, a headland
  2. used in placename

Eumhun 2

• Sound: 관 (gwan)
• Meaning: 꿸 (kkwel)
  1. to string together; to link up
  2. to get close to; to fawn on; to be obsequious to; to curry favour with

Eumhun 3

• Sound: 천 (cheon)
• Meaning: 꿰미 (kkwemi)
  1. string; chain; series

Eumhun 4

• Sound: 찬 (chan)
• Meaning: 꼬챙이 (kkochaeng-i)
  1. skewer

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 串

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Vietnamese

Han character

串 (xuyến, quán, xiên, xuyên)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation