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主義

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 主义

Chinese

[edit]
to own; to host; master
to own; to host; master; lord; primary
 
justice; righteousness; meaning
trad. (主義)
simp. (主义)
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Etymology

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"position, stance"
From Records of the Grand Historian:
顏色主義國家 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
颜色主义国家 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
Gǎn fàn yánsè yǐ dá zhǔyì, bùgù qí shēn. Wèi guójiā shù chánghuà. [Pinyin]
[One] dared to insult the dignified face [of the Sovereign], so one could make [the Sovereign] understand [one's] positions; one did not care for one's own life, but made long-term plans for the state.
"doctrine, ideology"
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 主義(しゅぎ) (shugi)?”

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (23) (31)
Final () (24) (13)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyuX ngjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕɨoX/ /ŋˠiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕioX/ /ŋᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕioX/ /ŋiɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cuə̆X/ /ŋjiə̆H/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕioX/ /ŋjeH/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭuX/ /ŋǐeH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯uX/ /ŋie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zyu2 ji6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhǔ
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyuX › ‹ ngjeH ›
Old
Chinese
/*toʔ/ /*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English master; host duty; justice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 17618 13045
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tjoʔ/ /*ŋrals/

Noun

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主義

  1. (chiefly as a suffix) doctrine; ideology; -ism
    社會主義社会主义  ―  shèhuì zhǔyì  ―  socialism
  2. (literary) position; stance

Usage notes

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Hans van Ess translates 主義主义 (zhǔyì) in Shiji as "the right conduct of a ruler".[1]

Synonyms

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  • (doctrine):

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Zhuang: cujyi

See also

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Verb

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主義

  1. (Classical) to uphold righteousness

References

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  1. ^ Van Ess, Hans (transl.) "Sequence of his Honor, the Grand Scribe’s Own [History], Memoir 70"; in Sima Qian (author) & Nienhauser, W. H. Jr. (ed.), (2019) The Grand Scribe's Records - Volume XI: The Memoirs of Han China, Part IV. Publisher: Indiana University Press.

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
しゅ
Grade: 3

Grade: 5
on'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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From Literary Chinese 主義 (zhǔyì), attested in the Records of the Grand Historian[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(しゅ)() (shugi

  1. a principle or set of principles; a doctrine; an ism
    あの(ひと)(しゅ)()(もと)づいて(けい)(やく)(きょ)(ぜつ)するはずです。
    Ano hito wa shugi ni motozuite keiyaku o kyozetsu suru hazu desu.
    I expect they will reject the contract on principle.

Suffix

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(しゅ)() (-shugi

  1. -ism

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 408
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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主義 (juui) (hangeul 주의)

  1. hanja form? of 주의 (-ism)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

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主義

  1. chữ Hán form of chủ nghĩa (-ism; doctrine).