京京

Chinese

		capital; Beijing (abbrev.)	capital; Beijing (abbrev.)
simp. and trad. (京京)		京	京

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīngjīng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄥ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngjīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingjing
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-ching¹
    • Yale: jīng-jīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjing
    • Palladius: цзинцзин (czinczin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 京京 晶晶

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• Middle Chinese: kjaeng kjaeng

Rime
Character	京
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舉卿切
Baxter	kjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋ  [k]raŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraŋ  kraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	京
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]raŋ/
English	hill; capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	京
Reading #	1/1
No.	6828
Phonetic component	京
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	驚
Old Chinese	/*kraŋ/

Adjective

京京

1. (literary) sad; worried; depressed

   • 念我獨兮，憂心京京。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     念我独兮，忧心京京。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Niàn wǒ dú xī, yōu xīn jīngjīng. [Pinyin]

     I think how I stand alone,
     And the sorrow of my heart grows intense.

Synonyms

• 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
• 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
• 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
• 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
• 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
• 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
• 刺心 (cìxīn)
• 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
• 哀切 (āiqiè)
• 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
• 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
• 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
• 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
• 哀痛 (āitòng)
• 心酸 (xīnsuān)
• 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
• 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
• 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
• 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
• 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
• 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
• 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
• 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
• 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
• 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
• 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
• 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
• 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
• 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
• 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
• 悲戚 (bēiqī)
• 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
• 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
• 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
• 悲痛 (bēitòng)
• 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
• 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
• 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
• 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
• 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
• 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
• 慘／惨 (cǎn)
• 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
• 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
• 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
• 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
• 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
• 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
• 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
• 沉痛 (chéntòng)
• 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
• 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
• 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
• 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
• 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
• 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
• 痛心 (tòngxīn)
• 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
• 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
• 酸心 (suānxīn)
• 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
• 難過／难过 (nánguò)
• 青凊 (Hokkien)
• 黯然 (ànrán)

 

Etymology 2

From 驚驚／惊惊.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ ging¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging¹ ging¹
    • Yale: gīng gīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ ging¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ ging¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

Adjective

京京

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, leetspeak) scared

   禾巧京京 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  wo⁵ haau² ging¹ ging¹ [Jyutping]  ―  I'm very scared