仲

Translingual

Han character

仲 (radical 9 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人中 (OL) or X人中 (XOL), four-corner 2520₆, composition ⿰亻中)

1. middle (or second) brother
2. go-between, mediator
3. A surname​.

References

• KangXi: page 94, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 403
• Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 121, character 7
• Unihan data for U+4EF2

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		仲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仲
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script
Oracle bone script j18803 j18804 j18805 j18806 j18807 j18808 j18809 j18810 j18811 j18812 j18813 j18814 j18815 j18816 j18817 j18818 j18819 j18820 j18821 j18822 j18823 j18824 j18825 j18826 j18827 j18828 j18829 j18830 j18831 j18832 j18833 j18834 j18835 j18836 j18837 j18838 j18839 j18840 j18841 j18842 j18843 Bronze inscriptions b12253 Large seal script L35564 L35565 L35566 L35567 L35568 L35569 L18953 L18954 L18955 L18956 L18957 L18952 Small seal script s05674
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

A variant of 中, created to separate the sense of seniority from the original meaning of "middle". Equivalent to Ideogrammic compound (會意): 亻 ‎(“person”) + 中 ‎(“middle”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhòng (zhong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: chung⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonq
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zung⁶
    • Yale: juhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ²²/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɖɨuŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	仲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直衆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwŋH/
Li Rong	/ȡiuŋH/
Wang Li	/ȡĭuŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯uŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhòng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*N-truŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*duŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhòng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjuwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-truŋ-s/
English	middle (of brothers)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仲
Reading #	1/1
No.	17419
Phonetic component	中
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	仲
Old Chinese	/*duŋs/

Etymology 1

Derived from Old Chinese 中.

Definitions

仲

1. (only in compounds, no longer productive) second, especially when referring to seniority of siblings. See usage notes of 伯.

   伯仲  ―  bózhòng  ―  superior and inferior, competition, comparison

2. (only in compounds, no longer productive) middle.

   仲夏  ―  zhòngxià  ―  midsummer

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Maybe derived from etymology 1, or a variant of 總.

Definitions

仲

1. (Cantonese) still (referring to time)

   佢而家都仲食緊飯。 [Cantonese, trad.]

   佢而家都仲食紧饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   Keoi⁵ ji⁴ gaa¹ dou¹ zung⁶ sik⁶ gan² faan⁶. [Jyutping]

   He is still eating, even now.

Etymology 3

From Japanese 仲 ‎(naka, “social relationship”). The Japanese word adopted this character by reinterpretation, itself derived from 中 ‎(naka, “inside”).

Definitions

仲

1. (only in compounds, no longer productive) relation.

   仲裁  ―  zhòngcái  ―  arbitration

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
仲
なか Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Noun

仲 ‎(hiragana なか, romaji naka)

1. relationship, terms

Derived terms

Derived terms

仲がいい, 仲が良い 仲に入る 仲働き 仲直り 仲睦まじい

仲立ち 仲良く 仲良し 仲違い

Kanji

仲

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: じゅう (jū)
• Kan’on: ちゅう (chū)
• Kun: なか (naka)

Compounds

Terms derived from 仲

• 仲人
• 仲介
• 仲仕
• 仲保

• 仲値
• 仲兄
• 仲冬
• 仲夏

• 仲居
• 仲断
• 仲春
• 仲核

• 仲秋
• 仲立人
• 仲継
• 仲裁

• 仲見世, 仲店
• 仲買
• 仲間

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Korean

Hanja

仲 • ‎(jung) (hangeul 중, revised jung, McCune-Reischauer chung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

仲 (trọng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation