依

依	U+4F9D, 依 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F9D

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

依 (radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人卜竹女 (OYHV), four-corner 2023₂, composition ⿰亻衣)

Derived characters[edit]

𠵱, 𦲤, 𤷴, 㥋

References[edit]

KangXi: page 102, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 607
Dae Jaweon: page 217, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 152, character 8
Unihan data for U+4F9D

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 依

**Oracle bone script**
j18935	j18936	j18937

**Bronze inscriptions**
b12302

**Small seal script**
s05761

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L30337	L02012	L02013	L02014

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (衣) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
哀	*qɯːl
依	*qɯl
衣	qɯl, qɯls
扆	*qɯlʔ
庡	*qɯlʔ
偯	*qɯlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯl): semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls).

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.		依

Probably cognate with 倚 (OC *qralʔ, *qrals) (Wang, 1982). Perhaps 因 (OC *qin) is an allofam (Pulleyblank, 1991), though the vowels do not agree (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yī (yi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî
Min Dong (BUC): ĭ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): i

(Teochew, Peng'im): i¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yī
  - Zhuyin: ㄧ
  - Wade–Giles: i¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji¹
  - Yale: yī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
  - Hakka Romanization System: i´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: i
  - Tâi-lô: i
  - Phofsit Daibuun: y
  - IPA (Xiamen): /i⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /i³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /i⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: i¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɨi/

Rime
Character	依
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	微 (20)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於希切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨi/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨi/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiəi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨj/
Li Rong	/ʔiəi/
Wang Li	/ĭəi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔe̯i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yī

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔəj/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	依
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yī
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjɨj ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔəj/
English	lean upon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	依
Reading #	1/1
No.	14836
Phonetic component	衣
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	依
Old Chinese	/*qɯl/

Definitions[edit]

依

to lean on
to rely on; to depend on
to obey

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 依

一依舊式／一依旧式
三歸依／三归依
不依 (bùyī)
主依
依人籬下／依人篱下
依仁
依仗 (yīzhàng)
依依 (yīyī)
依依不捨／依依不舍 (yīyībùshě)
依依難捨／依依难舍
依偎 (yīwēi)
依傍 (yībàng)
依允
依原
依吞布拉克 (Yītūnbùlākè)
依存 (yīcún)
依官仗勢／依官仗势
依實／依实
依山傍水 (yīshān-bàngshuǐ)
依序 (yīxù)
依從／依从 (yīcóng)
依循 (yīxún)
依憑／依凭
依戀／依恋 (yīliàn)
依戴
依據／依据 (yījù)
依時／依时
依棲／依栖
依樣葫蘆／依样葫芦
依次 (yīcì)
依正
依歸／依归
依法 (yīfǎ)
依法炮製／依法炮制
依流平進／依流平进

因依
失依兒童／失依儿童
奧依亞依拉克／奥依亚依拉克 (Àoyīyà Yīlākè)
奧依托格拉克／奥依托格拉克 (Àoyītuōgélākè)
孑然無依／孑然无依
孤苦無依／孤苦无依
小鳥依人／小鸟依人 (xiǎoniǎoyīrén)
布依族 (bùyīzú)
形影相依
憑依／凭依 (píngyī)
拉依喀 (Lāyīkā)
斧依
歸依／归依
烏魯克薩依／乌鲁克萨依 (Wūlǔkèsàyī)
無依無靠／无依无靠 (wúyīwúkào)
無靠無依／无靠无依 (wúkàowúyī)
百依百隨／百依百随
百依百順／百依百顺 (bǎiyībǎishùn)
百順百依／百顺百依
皈依 (guīyī)
相依 (xiāngyī)
相依為命／相依为命 (xiāngyīwéimìng)
眾望所依／众望所依
瞻依
脣齒相依／唇齿相依 (chúnchǐxiāngyī)
臨別依依／临别依依
薩依巴格／萨依巴格 (Sàyībāgé)
輔車相依／辅车相依
轉依／转依
達里雅布依／达里雅布依 (Dálǐyǎ Bùyī)
阿克薩拉依／阿克萨拉依 (Ākèsàlāyī)
離情依依／离情依依
頓失所依／顿失所依
飛鳥依人／飞鸟依人

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.		依
alternative forms		𠵱伊咿

Dialectal variant of 呢 (ni1).

Pronunciation[edit]

Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji¹
  - Yale: yī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/

Definitions[edit]

依

(Cantonese) this; these

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		這
Mandarin	Beijing	這
Mandarin	Taiwan	這
Cantonese	Guangzhou	呢, 依
	Hong Kong	呢, 依
	Taishan	該
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	這
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	這
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	這
	Dongshi (Dabu)	這
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	這
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	這
Huizhou	Jixi	爾
Min Dong	Fuzhou	只
Min Nan	Xiamen	這
	Quanzhou	只, 這
	Zhangzhou	這
	Taipei	這
	Chaozhou	只
	Shantou	只
Wu	Shanghai	搿, 迭 old-style, 第 obsolete
Wu	Wenzhou	個

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: え (e, Jōyō ^†)
Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)
Kun: よる (yoru, 依る)

Related terms[edit]

依(よ)って (yotte)

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
依
い Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 依 (MC ʔɨi).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Kan’on
- IPA^(key): [i]

Affix[edit]

依(い) • (i)

rely on; depend on
according to
as before
依(い)然(ぜん) ― izen ― same as before, still

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

依(い)稀(き) (iki): faint, dim, vague, unclear
憑(ひょう)依(い) (hyōi): spirit possession
依(い)願(がん) (igan)
依(い)拠(きょ) (ikyo)
依(い)嘱(しょく) (ishoku)
依(い)然(ぜん) (izen)
依(い)存(そん) (ison): dependency
依(い)託(たく) (itaku)
依(い)頼(らい) (irai): a request

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
依
え Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 依 (MC ʔɨi).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Goon
- IPA^(key): [e̞]

Affix[edit]

依(え) • (e)

rely on; depend on

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

依 (eum 의 (ui))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

依: Hán Nôm readings: y, e, ỷ, ỉa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Nom Foundation

依

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

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