俺
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
俺 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人大中山 (OKLU), four-corner 24216, composition ⿰亻奄)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 106, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 736
- Dae Jaweon: page 227, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 173, character 2
- Unihan data for U+4FFA
Chinese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| trad. | 俺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 俺 | |
Fusion of 我們／我们 (wǒmen) (Lü, 1984; Norman, 1988).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
俺
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| trad. | 俺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 俺 | |
| alternative forms | 安 阿 | |
Possibly from weakening of 阮 (goán) (Tan and Wu, 2011).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
俺
- (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix for kinship terms.
- 俺公 [Hokkien] ― án-kong [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― grandpa
- (Taiwanese Hokkien, inclusive) Synonym of 咱 (lán, “we; us”).
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| trad. | 俺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 俺 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
俺
Etymology 4[edit]
| trad. | 俺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 俺 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
俺
Japanese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Kanji[edit]
俺
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: えん (en)←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)
- Kan-on: えん (en)←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)
- Kun: おれ (ore, 俺, Jōyō); われ (ware, 俺)
Etymology[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 俺 |
| おれ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Originally a second person pronoun, as used in the Kojiki of 712 CE. Thought to have gradually changed into a first person pronoun from roughly the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.[1][2] Some scholars, however, point out the lack of precedent of a second-person pronoun shifting to a first-person pronoun as an etymological discontinuity; they instead explain the first-person usage as an early corruption of 己 (onore, “I, me”), with the ancient second-person usage perhaps deriving of a different root.[3]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
- (informal, men's speech) I, me
- 1905, Natsume Sōseki, 吾輩は猫である [I Am a Cat]:
- 最前から黙っていた主人はこの時急に写真が見たくなったものと見えて「おい俺にもちょっと覧せろ」と云う
- saizen kara damatte ita shujin wa kono toki kyū ni shashin ga mitaku natta mono to miete “oi ore ni mo chotto misero” to iu
- My owner, who had until then been silent, suddenly seemed to take interest in the photo and asked "Hey, let me see it too."
- 最前から黙っていた主人はこの時急に写真が見たくなったものと見えて「おい俺にもちょっと覧せろ」と云う
- (obsolete, familiar or derogatory) you
Usage notes[edit]
- This term is the most casual form of self-address used by men, and is suitable for conversations among close friends or relatives. Conversely, in polite conversation or where polite forms are expected, its usage may be considered rude or disrespectful. For such occasions, 私 (watashi) or 僕 (boku) are preferred.
Derived terms[edit]
- おれら (orera, explicitly plural first- or second-person pronoun)
See also[edit]
Japanese first-person pronouns
Japanese first-person pronouns by speakers and situations according to Yuko Saegusa, Concerning the First Personal Pronoun of Native Japanese Speakers (2009)
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | To friends | うち 49% | First name 26% | あたし 15% |
| In the family | First name 33% | あたし 29% | うち 23% | |
| In a class | わたし 86% | あたし 7% | うち 6% | |
| To an unknown visitor | わたし 75% | あたし, first name, うち 8% each | ||
| To the class teacher | わたし 66% | First name 13% | あたし 9% | |
| Male | To friends | おれ 72% | ぼく 19% | First name 4% |
| In the family | おれ 62% | ぼく 23% | うち 6% | |
| In a class | ぼく 85% | おれ 13% | First name, nickname 1% each | |
| To an unknown visitor | ぼく 64% | おれ 26% | First name 4% | |
| To the class teacher | ぼく 67% | おれ 27% | First name 3% | |
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | To friends | うち 39% | あたし 30% | わたし 22% |
| In the family | あたし 28% | First name 27% | うち 18% | |
| In a class | わたし 89% | あたし 7% | 自分 3% | |
| To an unknown visitor | わたし 81% | あたし 10% | 自分 6% | |
| To the class teacher | わたし 77% | あたし 17% | 自分 7% | |
| Male | To friends | おれ 87% | うち 4% | わたし, 自分 2% each |
| In the family | おれ 88% | ぼく, 自分 5% each | ||
| In a class | わたし 48% | 自分 28% | ぼく 22% | |
| To an unknown visitor | ぼく 36% | 自分 29% | わたし 22% | |
| To the class teacher | 自分 38% | ぼく 29% | わたし 22% | |
References[edit]
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 米田 達郎 (2016) 人称詞オレの歴史的変化[1] (in Japanese)
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
俺: Hán Nôm readings: em, yêm, êm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading えむ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading えん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading えん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading えむ
- Japanese terms spelled with 俺 read as おれ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
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