冗

See also: 宂

冗 U+5197, 冗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5197 ← 冖 [U+5196] CJK Unified Ideographs 冘 → [U+5198]

冗 U+2F817, 冗 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F817 ← 𠕋 [U+2F816] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 冤 → [U+2F818]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

冗 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月竹弓 (BHN) or 難月竹弓 (XBHN) or 月竹山 (BHU), four-corner 3721₇, composition ⿱冖几(U+5197) or ⿱冖儿(U+2F817))

Derived characters

• 㕴, 坈, 㚮, 䤟, 䢆, 棾
• 𢪚, 𣏝, 𤴺, 𥓣
• 伔 (Exception: Contains ⿱冖儿 in Korea and ⿱冖几 in other regions)
• 沉 (Exception: Contains ⿱冖儿 in Taiwan, Hong Kong and ⿱冖几 in other regions)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1566
• Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 302, character 16
• Unihan data for U+5197

• Unihan data for U+2F817

Chinese

trad.		冗/宂*
simp.		冗
alternative forms		冘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冗
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (冗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
宂	*njoŋʔ
冗	*njoŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 宀 (“roof”) + 儿 (“person”) — a person at home without work to do.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rǒng (rong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jung² / jung⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yúng / ngiung

  (Hailu, HRS): rhung^ˊ / ngiung^˖

• Eastern Min (BUC): nūng / nōng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zoeng³ / zyoeng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lēng / liōng / lióng / jióng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): rong²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rǒng
    • Wade–Giles: jung³
    • Yale: rǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: roong
    • Palladius: жун (žun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jung² / jung⁵
    • Yale: yúng / yúhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung² / jung⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung² / yung⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/, /jʊŋ¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng / ngiung
    • Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˋ / ngiung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³ / ngiung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/, /ŋi̯uŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng / ngiung
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˋ / ngiung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³ / ngiung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/, /ŋi̯uŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhung^ˊ / ngiung^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒuŋ²⁴/, /ŋiuŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nūng / nōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡuŋ³³/, /nˡouŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zoeng³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cê̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zyoeng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syøŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lēng
    • Tâi-lô: līng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leng
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liōng
    • Tâi-lô: liōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liong
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lióng
    • Tâi-lô: lióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liorng
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jióng
    • Tâi-lô: jióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiorng
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɔŋ⁵³/

Note:

• lēng - verncaular;
• liōng - 量 in the Mainland;
• lióng/jióng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: rong²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jóng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zoŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyowngX

Rime
Character	冗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而隴切
Baxter	nyowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuawŋX/
Li Rong	/ȵioŋX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭwoŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njoŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冗
Reading #	1/1
No.	10862
Phonetic component	冗
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宂
Old Chinese	/*njoŋʔ/
Notes	宂注俗體

Definitions

冗

1. superfluous; unnecessary; surplus; uncalled-for; spare; excessive; redundant
2. complicated and tedious; overloaded with details
3. busy routine

Synonyms

• (superfluous):

edit

• 冗長 / 冗长 (rǒngzhàng) (archaic)
• 冗餘 / 冗余 (rǒngyú)
• 剩 (shèng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 噠浪 / 哒浪 (dag⁴ nng⁷) (Teochew)
• 多餘 / 多余 (duōyú)

• (complicated and tedious):

edit

• 龐雜 / 庞杂 (pángzá)
• 曲折 (qūzhé)
• 繁瑣 / 繁琐 (fánsuǒ)
• 繁雜 / 繁杂 (fánzá)
• 繁難 / 繁难 (fánnán)
• 複雜 / 复杂

Compounds

• 冗兵 (rǒngbīng)
• 冗冗
• 冗員 / 冗员 (rǒngyuán)
• 冗官 (rǒngguān)
• 冗忙 (rǒngmáng)
• 冗散
• 冗早 (liōng-chá) (Min Nan)
• 冗筆 / 冗笔
• 冗繁 (rǒngfán)
• 冗言 (rǒngyán)
• 冗詞贅句 / 冗词赘句
• 冗費 / 冗费 (rǒngfèi)
• 冗賦 / 冗赋 (rǒngfù)
• 冗贅 / 冗赘 (rǒngzhuì)
• 冗長 / 冗长
• 冗雜 / 冗杂 (rǒngzá)
• 冗食
• 冗餘 / 冗余 (rǒngyú)
• 心勞意冗 / 心劳意冗
• 撥冗 / 拨冗 (bōrǒng)
• 浮冗
• 煩冗 / 烦冗 (fánrǒng)
• 窮冗 / 穷冗
• 繁冗 (fánrǒng)
• 荒冗冗
• 閑冗 / 闲冗

Further reading

• “冗”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00303
• “冗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “冗”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 198.

Japanese

Kanji

冗

(Jōyō kanji)

1. superfluous
2. uselessness

Readings

• Go-on: にゅう (nyū)
• Kan-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō)
• Kun: むだ (muda, 冗)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 冗(じょう)句(く) (jōku)
• 冗(じょう)談(だん) (jōdan, “joke”)
• 冗(じょう)長(ちょう) (jōchō)
• 冗(じょう)漫(まん) (jōman)

Korean

Hanja

冗 (eum 용 (yong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

冗: Hán Việt readings: nhũng
冗: Nôm readings: nũng, nhõng, nhũng, đem, nhùng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.