凌

See also: 淩

凌 U+51CC, 凌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51CC ← 凋 [U+51CB] CJK Unified Ideographs 凍 → [U+51CD]

Translingual

Han character

凌 (radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 3414₇, composition ⿰冫夌)

Derived characters

• 蓤

References

• KangXi: page 132, character 45
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1669
• Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 3
• Unihan data for U+51CC

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		凌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
棱	*rɯːŋ
稜	*rɯːŋ
輘	*rɯːŋ
倰	*rɯːŋ
祾	*rɯːŋ, *rɯŋ
踜	*rɯːŋs
凌	*rɯŋ
菱	*rɯŋ
陵	*rɯŋ
綾	*rɯŋ
鯪	*rɯŋ
淩	*rɯŋ
夌	*rɯŋ
蔆	*rɯŋ
崚	*rɯŋ
掕	*rɯŋ
𩜁	*rɯŋs
庱	*r̥ʰɯŋ, *r̥ʰɯŋʔ
睖	*r̥ʰɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): líng (ling²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: líng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
    • Wade–Giles: ling2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
    • Tongyong Pinyin: líng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ling⁴
    • Yale: lìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
    • Tâi-lô: lîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /lɨŋ/

Rime
Character	凌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力膺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liŋ/
Li Rong	/liəŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]əŋ/, /*p.rəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凌	凌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng	líng
Middle Chinese	‹ ling ›	‹ ling ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]əŋ/	/*p.rəŋ/
English	transgress; attack	ice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凌
Reading #	1/1
No.	8244
Phonetic component	夌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	陵
Old Chinese	/*rɯŋ/

Definitions

凌

1. ice
2. to rise high; to go up
3. to place oneself above; to override
4. to ride (wind, etc.)
5. to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade
6. to approach; to draw near; to close in on
7. to tremble
8. disorderly; messy
9. A surname​.

Compounds

• 仗勢凌人／仗势凌人
• 侵凌 (qīnlíng)
• 倚強凌弱／倚强凌弱
• 傲雪凌霜
• 冬凌
• 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
• 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
• 凌亂／凌乱 (língluàn)
• 凌亂不堪／凌乱不堪
• 凌人 (língrén)
• 凌凌
• 凌厲／凌厉
• 凌厲攻勢／凌厉攻势
• 凌夷
• 凌家湖 (Língjiāhú)
• 凌持
• 凌日 (língrì)
• 凌晨 (língchén)
• 凌暴
• 凌替
• 凌汛
• 凌波
• 凌波仙子

• 凌波微步
• 凌波殿
• 凌波舞
• 凌波襪／凌波袜
• 凌災／凌灾
• 凌煙閣／凌烟阁
• 凌眼
• 凌空 (língkōng)
• 凌籍
• 凌藉／凌借
• 凌虐 (língnüè)
• 凌虛／凌虚
• 凌躐
• 凌轢／凌轹
• 凌辱
• 凌迸
• 凌逼
• 凌遲／凌迟 (língchí)
• 凌遲碎剮／凌迟碎剐
• 凌遲處死／凌迟处死
• 凌錐／凌锥
• 凌陰／凌阴
• 凌雲／凌云 (língyún)

• 凌雲健筆／凌云健笔
• 凌雲壯志／凌云壮志
• 凌霄 (língxiāo)
• 凌霄殿
• 凌霄花
• 凌風／凌风
• 凌駕／凌驾 (língjià)
• 凍凌觜臉／冻凌觜脸
• 壯志凌雲／壮志凌云
• 奚凌
• 志氣凌雲／志气凌云
• 恃勢凌人／恃势凌人
• 恃強凌弱／恃强凌弱 (shìqiánglíngruò)
• 撞凌
• 欺凌 (qīlíng)
• 氣凌霄漢／气凌霄汉
• 畏強凌弱／畏强凌弱
• 盛氣凌人／盛气凌人
• 貴不凌賤／贵不凌贱
• 金星凌日 (Jīnxīng líng rì)
• 霸凌 (bàlíng)
• 駕凌／驾凌

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lìng (ling⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
    • Wade–Giles: ling4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/

Definitions

凌

1. ^† to freeze up; to form ice

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Japanese

Kanji

凌

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. endure
2. keep (rain) out
3. stave off
4. tide over
5. defy
6. slight
7. surpass

Readings

• On (unclassified): りょう (ryō)
• Kun: しのぐ (shinogu, 凌ぐ)

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Korean

Hanja

凌 • (reung) (hangeul 릉, revised reung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

凌: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn, lâng, lừng, rưng, dưng

1. Surname