凌

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 淩
凌 U+51CC, 凌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51CC
← 凋
[U+51CB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 凍 →
[U+51CD]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
凌-red.png

Han character[edit]

凌 (radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 34147, composition ⿰冫夌)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 132, character 45
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+51CC

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 凌

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (夌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
棱 *rɯːŋ
稜 *rɯːŋ
輘 *rɯːŋ
倰 *rɯːŋ
祾 *rɯːŋ, *rɯŋ
踜 *rɯːŋs
凌 *rɯŋ
菱 *rɯŋ
陵 *rɯŋ
綾 *rɯŋ
鯪 *rɯŋ
淩 *rɯŋ
夌 *rɯŋ
蔆 *rɯŋ
崚 *rɯŋ
掕 *rɯŋ
𩜁 *rɯŋs
庱 *r̥ʰɯŋ, *r̥ʰɯŋʔ
睖 *r̥ʰɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Rime
Character 凌
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力膺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/liŋ/
Li
Rong 		/liəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		líng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ling4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 凌 凌
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		líng líng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ling › ‹ ling ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]əŋ/ /*p.rəŋ/
English transgress; attack ice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 凌
Reading # 1/1
No. 8244
Phonetic
component 		夌
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		陵
Old
Chinese 		/*rɯŋ/

Definitions[edit]

凌

  1. ice
  2. to rise high; to go up
  3. to place oneself above; to override
  4. to ride (wind, etc.)
  5. to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade
  6. to approach; to draw near; to close in on
  7. to tremble
  8. disorderly; messy
  9. A surname.

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 冰 (“ice”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 冰, 凌
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冰
Mandarin Beijing 冰
Taiwan 冰
Tianjin 冰
Tangshan 冰
Cangzhou 冰
Baoding 冰
Shijiazhuang 冰
Chifeng 冰, 冰冰
Hailar 冰
Harbin 冰
Shenyang 冰, 凍
Muping 冰
Qingdao 冰
Weifang (Weicheng) 凍凍
Weifang (Fangzi) 凍凍
Weifang (Hanting) 凍凍
Changyi 凍凍
Gaomi 凍凍
Zhucheng 凍凍
Anqiu 凍凍
Changle 凍凍
Linqu 凍凍
Qingzhou 凍凍
Shouguang 凍凍
Rizhao 凍凍
Wulian 凍凍
Jinan 冰, 凍凍
Luoyang 冰, 冰凌
Wanrong 冬凌
Zhengzhou 冰
Xi'an 冰
Dingbian 冰
Yinchuan 冰
Lanzhou 冰, 凍
Xining 冰
Ürümqi 冰
Wuhan 凌, 凌冰, 冰, 凍
Hong'an 凌冰
Chengdu 冰, 凌冰, 凌冰兒
Muli 凌冰子
Chongqing 冰, 凌冰兒
Guiyang 冰, 凌冰 in nature
Kunming 冰凌
Guilin 冰
Pingle 冰
Liuzhou 冰
Luzhai 冰
Wuming 冰
Binyang (Nanjie) 冰
Yizhou 冰
Luocheng (Dongmen) 冰
Tianlin (Langping) 凝
Xiangzhou (Nalu) 冰
Xuzhou 凍凍, 冰冰, 冰
Yangzhou 冰
Nanjing 冰, 凍
Hefei 冰凍, 冰
Chuzhou 冰凍
Nantong 凍
Qimen (Anling Junhua) 冰凍
Singapore 冰
Reshuitang (Longling) 冰
Mae Salong (Lancang) 冰
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 冰
Mikhaylovka (Taz) 冰
Cantonese Guangzhou 雪, 冰
Hong Kong 冰, 雪
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 冰
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 冰
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 冰
Zhongshan (Chongkoumen Tanka) 冰, 雪
Taishan 冰
Taishan (Guanghai) 冰, 雪
Dongguan 冰, 雪
Yangjiang 冰
Wuzhou 冰
Yulin 冰
Hepu (Lianzhou) 冰
Guiping (Jintian) 冰
Guiping (Jiangkou) 冰
Guiping (Madong) 冰
Beiliu 冰
Baise 冰
Qinzhou 冰
Qinzhou (Changtan) 冰
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 冰
Beihai 冰
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 冰
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 冰
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 冰
Chongzuo (Laituan) 冰, 霜 dated
Fusui (Qujiu) 冰, 霜 dated
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 冰
Danzhou 冰
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 冰
Singapore (Guangfu) 冰
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 冰
Móng Cái 冰
Yangon (Taishan) 冰
Mandalay (Taishan) 冰
Gan Nanchang 冰, 冰凌
Lichuan 冰凌
Pingxiang 冰, 凌冰 dated; in nature
Pengze 凌冰
Hakka Meixian 凝, 冰
Xingning 凝餅
Huidong (Daling) 凝
Dongguan (Qingxi) 冰
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 冰
Wuhua (Huacheng) 硬凝
Wuhua (Changbu) 凝
Wuhua (Mianyang) 冰
Heyuan (Bendihua) 冰
Wengyuan 冰
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 硬凝
Liannan 冰
Jiexi 冰
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 冰
Changting 凌冰
Wuping 凌冰
Wuping (Yanqian) 凌冰
Wuping (Pingyu) 硬凝
Liancheng 凌冰
Liancheng (Peitian) 凌冰
Ninghua 凌冰
Yudu 冰
Ningdu 凌冰
Ruijin 凌冰
Shicheng 凌冰
Shangyou 硬構
Tonggu (Sandu) 凌冰
Ganzhou (Panlong) 凌冰
Dayu 凌冰
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冰
Liudui (S. Sixian) 冰
Hsinchu (Hailu) 冰
Dongshi (Dabu) 冰
Hsinchu (Raoping) 冰
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 冰
Hong Kong 冰
Yangxi (Tangkou) 冰
Yangchun (Sanjia) 冰
Xinyi (Sihe) 雪
Xinyi (Qianpai) 冰
Gaozhou (Xindong) 冰
Dianbai (Shalang) 冰
Huazhou (Xin'an) 冰
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 冰
Lianjiang (Qingping) 冰
Mengshan (Xihe) 冰
Luchuan 冰
Bobai (Shahe) 冰
Bobai (Longtan) 冰
Bobai (Lingping) 冰
Beiliu (Gonghe) 冰
Xingye (Gaofeng) 冰
Lingui (Xiaojiang) 冰
Pingle (Tong'an) 冰
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 冰
Senai (Huiyang) 冰
Singkawang 雪
Pontianak (Meixian) 雪
Huizhou Jixi 冰, 凍冰
Shexian (Xianggao) 冰
Shexian (Daguyun) 冰, 凍冰
Qimen (Anling Minhua) 冰凍
Jin Taiyuan 冰, 冰凌
Datong 冰
Yunzhou 冰
Yunzhou (Xicetian) 冰凌
Xinzhou 冬蠟
Changzhi 冰凌
Linhe 冰
Jining 冰
Hohhot 冰
Handan 冰
Min Bei Jian'ou 冰, 霜冰
Min Dong Fuzhou 冰
Gutian 冰
Min Nan Xiamen 冰, 霜
Quanzhou 冰, 霜
Zhangzhou 冰, 霜
Tainan 冰
Penang (Hokkien) 霜, 冰
Singapore (Hokkien) 霜, 冰
Manila (Hokkien) 霜
Pingnan (Pingtian) 冰
Guiping (Xiaowen) 冰
Guiping (Dongsheng) 冰
Guilin (Biyange) 冰
Chaozhou 霜, 冰
Shantou 冰
Jieyang 冰
Bangkok (Teochew) 霜水
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 冰
Pontianak (Teochew) 冰
Wenchang 冰
Haikou 冰
Min Zhong Yong'an 霜冰
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冰
Nanning (Gejiayuan) 冰
Nanning (Zhegulu) 冰
Nanning (Silian) 冰
Nanning (Xiuxiang) 冰
Binyang 冰
Chongzuo (Laituan) 冰
Northern Pinghua Lingui (Wutong) 冰
Lingui (Liutang) 冰
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 冰
Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) 冰
Guanyang (Guanyinge) 雪
Shehua Fu'an 冰
Fuding 冰
Luoyuan 冰
Sanming 冰
Shunchang 冰
Hua'an 冰
Guixi (Zhangping) 冰
Cangnan 冰
Jingning 冰
Lishui 冰
Longyou 冰
Chaozhou 冰
Fengshun 雪
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 涼槓
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 凝鉤子
Wu Shanghai 冰
Chongming 冰
Baoshan (Shuangcaodun) 冰
Baoshan (Luodian) 冰
Pudong (Zhoupu) 冰
Songjiang 冰
Suzhou 冰
Wujiang (Lili) 冰
Wujiang (Shengze) 冰
Wuxi 冰
Changshu 冰, 冰凍
Kunshan 冰
Jiaxing 冰
Changzhou 冰, 結冰
Liyang 冰
Yixing 冰
Danyang 冰, 凍
Hangzhou 冰
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 冰
Jingjiang 冰
Fuyang 冰
Jiangyin 冰
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 冰
Shaoxing 冰
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 冰凍
Shengzhou (Chongren) 冰
Shengzhou (Taiping) 冰
Ningbo 冰
Yuyao 冰
Huangyan 冰
Wenzhou 冰, 霜冰 in nature
Quzhou 冰
Jinhua 冰
Jinhua (Tangxi) 冰
Yongkang 冰
Xiang Changsha 凌, 凌冰 in nature
Shuangfeng 構冷子
Xiangxiang 冰
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 凌構子
Hengshan 冰
Hengshan (Baiguo) 冰
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 冰, 凌, 凌構

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

凌

  1. † to freeze up; to form ice

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

凌

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. endure
  2. keep (rain) out
  3. stave off
  4. tide over
  5. defy
  6. slight
  7. surpass

Readings[edit]

  • On (unclassified): りょう (ryō)
  • Kun: しのぐ (shinogu, 凌ぐ)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 凌 (MC lɨŋ).

Hanja[edit]

凌 (eumhun 업신여길 릉 (eopsinyeogil reung), South Korea 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung))
凌 (eumhun 능가할 릉 (neunggahal reung), South Korea 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung))

  1. Hanja form? of 릉 (“to place oneself above; to override”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

凌: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn, lâng, lừng, rưng, dưng

  1. Surname
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=凌&oldid=62458457"