凌
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
凌 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 34147, composition ⿰冫夌)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 132, character 45
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1669
- Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 3
- Unihan data for U+51CC
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 凌 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 凌 | |
alternative forms | 淩 夌 | |
淩 not usually used for “ice” |
Glyph origin[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).
- Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);
- Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
Alternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Khmer ប្រឹង (preṅa, “to harden; to solidify”) from [script needed] (reṅa, “to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
凌
- ice
- to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse
- alt. forms: 陵
- to place oneself above; to override; to transgress
- alt. forms: 陵
- to ride (wind, etc.)
- to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade
- alt. forms: 陵
- to risk; to brave
- to approach; to draw near; to close in on
- to tremble
- disorderly; messy
- A surname.
- 凌濛初 ― Líng Méngchū ― Ling Mengchu (Ming dynasty Chinese writer)
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
凌
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 凌 (MC lɨŋ).
Hanja[edit]
凌 (eumhun 업신여길 릉 (eopsinyeogil reung), South Korea 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung))
凌 (eumhun 능가할 릉 (neunggahal reung), South Korea 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung))
Compounds[edit]
- 능가 (凌駕, neungga, “excelling; surpassing; outdoing”)
- 능멸 (凌蔑, neungmyeol, “looking down (on somebody)”)
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
凌: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn, lâng, lừng, rưng, dưng
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