凌
|
|
Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Han character[edit]
凌 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 34147, composition ⿰冫夌)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 45
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1669
- Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 3
- Unihan data for U+51CC
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 凌 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 凌 | |
alternative forms | 淩 夌 | |
淩 not usually used for “ice” |
Glyph origin[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).
- Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);
- Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
Alternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
凌
- ice
- to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse
- alt. forms: 陵 (líng)
- to place oneself above; to override; to transgress
- alt. forms: 陵 (líng)
- to ride (wind, etc.)
- to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade
- alt. forms: 陵 (líng)
- to risk; to brave
- to approach; to draw near; to close in on
- to tremble
- disorderly; messy
- a surname
- 凌濛初 ― Líng Méngchū ― Ling Mengchu (Ming dynasty Chinese writer)
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 仗勢凌人/仗势凌人
- 侵凌 (qīnlíng)
- 倚強凌弱/倚强凌弱
- 傲雪凌霜
- 冬凌
- 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
- 凌亂/凌乱 (língluàn)
- 凌亂不堪/凌乱不堪
- 凌人 (língrén)
- 凌兢
- 凌凌
- 凍凌觜臉/冻凌觜脸
- 凌厲/凌厉 (línglì)
- 凌厲攻勢/凌厉攻势
- 凌夷 (língyí)
- 凌家湖 (Língjiāhú)
- 凌持
- 凌日 (língrì)
- 凌晨 (língchén)
- 凌暴
- 凌替
- 凌歷/凌历
- 凌汛 (língxùn)
- 凌波 (língbō)
- 凌波仙子
- 凌波微步
- 凌波殿
- 凌波舞
- 凌波襪/凌波袜
- 凌災/凌灾
- 凌煙閣/凌烟阁
- 凌眼
- 凌空 (língkōng)
- 凌籍
- 凌藉/凌借
- 凌虐 (língnüè)
- 凌虛/凌虚
- 凌躐
- 凌轢/凌轹
- 凌辱 (língrǔ)
- 凌迸
- 凌逼
- 凌遲/凌迟 (língchí)
- 凌遲碎剮/凌迟碎剐
- 凌遲處死/凌迟处死
- 凌錐/凌锥
- 凌陰/凌阴
- 凌雲/凌云 (língyún)
- 凌雲健筆/凌云健笔
- 凌雲壯志/凌云壮志
- 凌霄 (língxiāo)
- 凌霄殿
- 凌霄花 (língxiāohuā)
- 凌風/凌风
- 凌駕/凌驾 (língjià)
- 壯志凌雲/壮志凌云 (zhuàngzhìlíngyún)
- 奚凌
- 志氣凌雲/志气凌云
- 恃勢凌人/恃势凌人
- 恃強凌弱/恃强凌弱 (shìqiánglíngruò)
- 撞凌
- 欺凌 (qīlíng)
- 氣凌霄漢/气凌霄汉
- 畏強凌弱/畏强凌弱
- 盛氣凌人/盛气凌人 (shèngqìlíngrén)
- 貴不凌賤/贵不凌贱
- 金星凌日 (Jīnxīng líng rì)
- 霸凌 (bàlíng)
- 駕凌/驾凌
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
凌
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 凌 (MC ling).
Hanja[edit]
凌 (eumhun 업신여길 릉 (eopsinyeogil reung), South Korea 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung))
凌 (eumhun 능가할 릉 (neunggahal reung), South Korea 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung))
Compounds[edit]
- 능가 (凌駕, neungga, “excelling; surpassing; outdoing”)
- 능멸 (凌蔑, neungmyeol, “looking down (on somebody)”)
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
凌: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn, lâng, lừng, rưng, dưng
- Surname
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Taishanese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Min Dong verbs
- Min Nan verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Min Dong adjectives
- Min Nan adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Min Dong proper nouns
- Min Nan proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese surnames
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese Han characters
- Kanji used for names
- Japanese kanji with on reading りょう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しの-ぐ
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters