凍結
Appearance
See also: 冻结
Chinese
[edit]| to freeze | to form; to congeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (凍結) | 凍 | 結 | |
| simp. (冻结) | 冻 | 结 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dòngjié
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dòngjié
- Wade–Giles: tung4-chieh2
- Yale: dùng-jyé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donqjye
- Palladius: дунцзе (duncze)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: dung3 git3
- Yale: dung git
- Cantonese Pinyin: dung3 git8
- Guangdong Romanization: dung3 gid3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ³³ kiːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tung-kiet
- Hakka Romanization System: dung giedˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dung4 giad5
- Sinological IPA: /tuŋ⁵⁵ ki̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tung-kiat
- Hakka Romanization System: dung giadˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dung4 giad5
- Sinological IPA: /tuŋ⁵⁵ ki̯at̚²/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
Verb
[edit]凍結
- to freeze
- (figuratively) to block; to freeze (assets, accounts, personnel, etc.)
Antonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 凍 | 結 |
| とう Grade: S |
けつ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 凍結する
| Plain | 凍結する | とーけつ・する | [tòókétsú sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 凍結して | とーけつ・して | [tòókétsú shìté] |
| Perfective | 凍結した | とーけつ・した | [tòókétsú shìtá] |
| Negative | 凍結しない | とーけつ・しない | [tòókétsú shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 凍結しなかった | とーけつ・しなかった | [tòókétsú shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 凍結すれば | とーけつ・すれば | [tòókétsú sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 凍結したら | とーけつ・したら | [tòókétsú shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 凍結しろ 凍結せよ |
とーけつ・しろ とーけつ・せよ |
[tòókétsú shìró] [tòókétsú séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 凍結しよう | とーけつ・しよー | [tòókétsú shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 凍結したい | とーけつ・したい | [tòókétsú shìtáí] |
| Formal | 凍結します | とーけつ・します | [tòókétsú shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 凍結しません | とーけつ・しません | [tòókétsú shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 凍結しましょう | とーけつ・しましょー | [tòókétsú shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 凍結しました | とーけつ・しました | [tòókétsú shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 凍結し 凍結しに |
とーけつ・し とーけつ・しに |
[tòókétsú shì] [tòókétsú shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 凍結せず 凍結せずに |
とーけつ・せず とーけつ・せずに |
[tòókétsú séꜜzù] [tòókétsú séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 凍結される | とーけつ・される | [tòókétsú sàrérú] |
| Causative | 凍結させる 凍結さす |
とーけつ・させる とーけつ・さす |
[tòókétsú sàsérú] [tòókétsú sàsú] |
| Potential | 凍結できる | とーけつ・できる | [tòókétsú dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
[edit]- freezing
- (finance) freezing
- (computing, uncommon) compression of an archive
- (Internet) suspension of an account (usually on Twitter)
Verb
[edit]凍結する • (tōketsu suru) suru (stem 凍結し (tōketsu shi), past 凍結した (tōketsu shita))
- to freeze
- (finance) to freeze
- (computing, uncommon) to compress an archive
- (Internet) to suspend an account (usually on Twitter)
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 凍結し | とうけつし | tōketsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 凍結し | とうけつし | tōketsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 凍結する | とうけつする | tōketsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 凍結する | とうけつする | tōketsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 凍結すれ | とうけつすれ | tōketsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 凍結せよ¹ 凍結しろ² |
とうけつせよ¹ とうけつしろ² |
tōketsu seyo¹ tōketsu shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 凍結される | とうけつされる | tōketsu sareru |
| Causative | 凍結させる 凍結さす |
とうけつさせる とうけつさす |
tōketsu saseru tōketsu sasu |
| Potential | 凍結できる | とうけつできる | tōketsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 凍結しよう | とうけつしよう | tōketsu shiyō |
| Negative | 凍結しない | とうけつしない | tōketsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 凍結せず | とうけつせず | tōketsu sezu |
| Formal | 凍結します | とうけつします | tōketsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 凍結した | とうけつした | tōketsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 凍結して | とうけつして | tōketsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 凍結すれば | とうけつすれば | tōketsu sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “凍結”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
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