初心
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]initial; first; beginning initial; first; beginning; junior; basic |
heart; mind | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (初心) |
初 | 心 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: chūxīn
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄒㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chusin
- Wade–Giles: chʻu1-hsin1
- Yale: chū-syīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chushin
- Palladius: чусинь (čusinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: co1 sam1
- Yale: chō sām
- Cantonese Pinyin: tso1 sam1
- Guangdong Romanization: co1 sem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: co1 sim1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsho sim
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰo³³⁻²³ sim³³/
- (Teochew)
- Middle Chinese: tsrhjo sim
Noun
[edit]初心
- one’s initial intention; original idea; true feelings; aspiration; purpose; goal; mission
- 不忘初心 ― bùwàng chūxīn ― to stay true to the mission
- (Buddhism) mind of a novice, an attitude to learn resembling that of a beginner's, possibly in spite of one's mastery
Synonyms
[edit]- (initial intention):
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922),
“初心” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 初 | 心 |
| しょ Grade: 4 |
しん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
Equivalent to 初 (sho, “beginning (stages)”) + 心 (shin, “heart”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]初心 • (shoshin) -na (adnominal 初心な (shoshin na), adverbial 初心に (shoshin ni))
Inflection
[edit]| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 初心だろ | しょしんだろ | shoshin daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 初心で | しょしんで | shoshin de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 初心だ | しょしんだ | shoshin da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 初心な | しょしんな | shoshin na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 初心なら | しょしんなら | shoshin nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 初心であれ | しょしんであれ | shoshin de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 初心ではない 初心じゃない |
しょしんではない しょしんじゃない |
shoshin de wa nai shoshin ja nai |
| Informal past | 初心だった | しょしんだった | shoshin datta |
| Informal negative past | 初心ではなかった 初心じゃなかった |
しょしんではなかった しょしんじゃなかった |
shoshin de wa nakatta shoshin ja nakatta |
| Formal | 初心です | しょしんです | shoshin desu |
| Formal negative | 初心ではありません 初心じゃありません |
しょしんではありません しょしんじゃありません |
shoshin de wa arimasen shoshin ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 初心でした | しょしんでした | shoshin deshita |
| Formal negative past | 初心ではありませんでした 初心じゃありませんでした |
しょしんではありませんでした しょしんじゃありませんでした |
shoshin de wa arimasen deshita shoshin ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 初心で | しょしんで | shoshin de |
| Conditional | 初心なら(ば) | しょしんなら(ば) | shoshin nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 初心だったら | しょしんだったら | shoshin dattara |
| Volitional | 初心だろう | しょしんだろう | shoshin darō |
| Adverbial | 初心に | しょしんに | shoshin ni |
| Degree | 初心さ | しょしんさ | shoshinsa |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 初心なら | しよしんなら | syosinnara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 初心に[1] 初心なり[2] |
しよしんに しよしんなり |
syosinni syosinnari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 初心なり | しよしんなり | syosinnari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 初心なる | しよしんなる | syosinnaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 初心なれ | しよしんなれ | syosinnare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 初心なれ | しよしんなれ | syosinnare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 初心ならず | しよしんならず | syosinnarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 初心なれど | しよしんなれど | syosinnaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 初心なれば | しよしんなれば | syosinnareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 初心ならば | しよしんならば | syosinnaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 初心なりき | しよしんなりき | syosinnariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 初心なりけり | しよしんなりけり | syosinnarikeri |
| Adverbial | 初心に | しよしんに | syosinni |
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.
Noun
[edit]- immaturity, naiveté
- original intention, original object
- (Buddhism) open, eager attitude to learning, as if one is a beginner
Derived terms
[edit]- 初心者 (shoshinsha, “beginner”)
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 初 | 心 |
| うぶ | |
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun | |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 初心 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 初心, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]- “〈初心〉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
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- Mandarin lemmas
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- zh:Buddhism
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