匹

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匹 U+5339, 匹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5339
← 匸
[U+5338]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 区 →
[U+533A]
See also: 疋

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

匹 (radical 23 匸+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 尸金 (SC), four-corner 71711, composition ⿷匚儿)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 154, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2673
  • Dae Jaweon: page 347, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 81, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5339

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 匹
alt. forms 疋

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 匹
Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
匹-bronze.svg 匹-silk.svg 匹-bigseal.svg 匹-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (匹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
匹 *pʰid
鴄 *pʰid

Uncertain. Shuowen considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰid): phonetic 八 (OC *preːd, “eight”) + semantic 匸 (“to conceal”) – unit of measuring cloth. 八 refers to eight folds in one 匹 of cloth (two bolts of cloth), and 匸 refers to concealing the two ends of the cloth when rolling it up. This interpretation is not likely since the older forms evidently do not contain these components.

Various theories have been proposed based on the evidence from the bronze inscriptions:

  • Pictogram (象形) of folds in cloth (Lin, 1920);
  • Ideogram (指事): half of 丙 (“two horses”) – one horse (Zhang et al., 1996);
  • Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰid): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) or 乀 (MC pʰɨut̚). The phonetic component may be replaced with 匕 (OC *pilʔ) (not shown above).

Etymology 1[edit]

Uncertain. Possibly related to Khmer ពីរ (pir, “two”) or Mizo phîr (“double; forked; twin”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Wang (1982) considers it to be cognate with 比 (OC *piʔ, “to compare; to match”), 媲 (OC *pʰiːs, “to match; to pair”).

The meaning “four zhang of cloth” is probably a special application, but it is reminiscent of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj (“four”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 匹
Mandarin Beijing /pʰi²¹⁴/
Harbin /pʰi⁴⁴/
Tianjin /pʰi¹³/
Jinan /pʰi²¹³/
Qingdao /pʰi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /pʰi⁴²/
Xi'an /pʰi⁵³/
Xining /pʰji⁵³/
Yinchuan /pʰi⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /pʰi³¹/
Ürümqi /pʰi⁴⁴/
Wuhan /pʰi²¹³/
Chengdu /pʰi³¹/
Guiyang /pʰi²¹/
Kunming /pʰi⁴⁴/
Nanjing /pʰiʔ⁵/
Hefei /pʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /pʰiəʔ²/
Pingyao /pʰiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /pʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /pʰiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /pʰiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /pʰiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /pʰi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /pʰi³¹/
Tunxi /pʰi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /pʰi²⁴/
Xiangtan /pʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /pʰiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /pʰit̚¹/
Taoyuan /pʰit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /pʰɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /pʰɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /pʰit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /pʰɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pʰi²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /pʰik̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /fit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 匹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 譬吉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pʰiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʰit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pʰjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pʰit̚/
Li
Rong		 /pʰiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /pʰĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pʰi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 pi
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 匹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 pǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ phjit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pʰi[t]/
English one of a pair

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 匹
Reading # 1/1
No. 9737
Phonetic
component		 匹
Rime
group		 質
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 匹
Old
Chinese		 /*pʰid/
Definitions[edit]

匹

  1. † to match; to be equal
    匹配  ―  pǐpèi  ―  to match
    匹敵 / 匹敌  ―  pǐdí  ―  to be equal
  2. † match; equal; opponent
  3. † mate; spouse
  4. † single; one
  5. † four zhang of cloth
  6. Classifier for bolts of cloth.
  7. (Sichuan) Classifier for flat surfaces or objects (hillside, leaves, tiles, etc.).
  8. (Sichuan) Classifier for long, thin objects (bones, feathers, grass, bamboo strips, etc.).
  9. (Sichuan) Classifier for pieces or lumps (bricks, etc.).
  10. (Sichuan) Classifier for mountains.
  11. A surname​.
Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 匹
Mandarin Beijing /pʰi²¹⁴/
Harbin /pʰi⁴⁴/
Tianjin /pʰi¹³/
Jinan /pʰi²¹³/
Qingdao /pʰi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /pʰi⁴²/
Xi'an /pʰi⁵³/
Xining /pʰji⁵³/
Yinchuan /pʰi⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /pʰi³¹/
Ürümqi /pʰi⁴⁴/
Wuhan /pʰi²¹³/
Chengdu /pʰi³¹/
Guiyang /pʰi²¹/
Kunming /pʰi⁴⁴/
Nanjing /pʰiʔ⁵/
Hefei /pʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /pʰiəʔ²/
Pingyao /pʰiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /pʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /pʰiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /pʰiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /pʰiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /pʰi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /pʰi³¹/
Tunxi /pʰi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /pʰi²⁴/
Xiangtan /pʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /pʰiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /pʰit̚¹/
Taoyuan /pʰit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /pʰɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /pʰɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /pʰit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /pʰɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pʰi²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /pʰik̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /fit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 匹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 譬吉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pʰiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʰit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pʰjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pʰit̚/
Li
Rong		 /pʰiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /pʰĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pʰi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 pi
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 匹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 pǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ phjit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pʰi[t]/
English one of a pair

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 匹
Reading # 1/1
No. 9737
Phonetic
component		 匹
Rime
group		 質
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 匹
Old
Chinese		 /*pʰid/
Definitions[edit]

匹

  1. Classifier for horses, donkeys, mules, etc.
  2. (dialectal, including Sichuan) Classifier for animals.
  3. (colloquial) horsepower
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 匹 – see 鴄.
(This character, 匹, is a variant form of 鴄.)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

匹

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Counter[edit]

匹 (hiragana ひき, rōmaji -hiki)

  1. small animals
    犬 (いぬ)が一匹 (いっぴき)います。
    Inu ga ippiki imasu.
    There is one dog.
  2. rolls of cloth
  3. in the past, numbers of 銭 (せん) (sen)

Alternative forms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, ISBN 4469021067

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

匹 • (pil, mok) (hangeul 필, 목, revised pil, mok, McCune-Reischauer p'il, mok)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

匹 (thất, sất, sơ, sớt, sứt, thớt)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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