十九

Chinese

		ten	nine
simp. and trad. (十九)		十	九
alternative forms		拾玖 financial
anagram		九十

Chinese cardinal numbers

<  18	19	20  >
Cardinal : 十九 (shíjiǔ)

Etymology

十 (shí) +‎ 九 (jiǔ).

“umpteen”

See 濕鳩／湿鸠.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shíjiǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si² jiu³

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шыҗю (šɨži͡u, I-II)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sap⁶ gau²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sip⁵ giu²

• Gan (Wiktionary): siit⁷ jiu³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p-kiú

  (Hailu, HRS): shib^ˋ giu^ˊ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): seb⁶ giu³

• Jin (Wiktionary): seh⁵ jiou²
• Northern Min (KCR): sí-giǔ
• Eastern Min (BUC): sĕk-gāu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seh⁷ gao³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): cha̍p-káu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁸ gao²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zeq-cieu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr⁶ jiou³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shíjiǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhjiǒu
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-chiu³
    • Yale: shŕ-jyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrjeou
    • Palladius: шицзю (šiczju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: si² jiu³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sgiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²¹ t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шыҗю (šɨži͡u, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕiou⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sap⁶ gau²
    • Yale: sahp gáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹ gau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: seb⁶ geo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚² kɐu̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sip⁵ giu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sip̚³² kiu⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: siit⁷ jiu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɨt̚² t͡ɕiu²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p-kiú
    • Hakka Romanization System: siib giu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sib⁶ giu³
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵ ki̯u³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shib^ˋ giu^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃip² kiu²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: seb⁶ giu³
    • Sinological IPA: /səp̚⁵ kiu³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: seh⁵ jiou²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴⁻² t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí-giǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁴ kiu²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk-gāu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiʔ⁵⁻³³ kau³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seh⁷ gao³ [Phonetic: seh⁶ gao³]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: se̍h-gâu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ kau⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seh⁷ gao³ [Phonetic: seh⁶ gao³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛʔ⁴⁻² kau³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-káu
    • Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-káu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zabkao
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² kau⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kau⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zab⁸ gao²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p káu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻² kau⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸zeq-cieu
    • MiniDict: zeh^入 cieu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq-jieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɤ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shr⁶ jiou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sz̩²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyip kjuwX

Rime
Character	十	九
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	是執切	舉有切
Baxter	dzyip	kjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/	/kɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/	/kiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/	/kiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/	/kuwX/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/	/kiuX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/	/kĭəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/	/ki̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap6	gau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp  [k]uʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub  kuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	十	九
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí	jiǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyip ›	‹ kjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[ɡ]əp/	/*[k]uʔ/
English	ten	nine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	十	九
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11452	6941
Phonetic component	十	九
Rime group	緝	幽
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	十	久
Old Chinese	/*ɡjub/	/*kuʔ/

Numeral

十九

1. nineteen; 19

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (十九):

• → Japanese: 十九(じゅうきゅう) (jūkyū)
• → Korean: 십구(十九) (sipgu)

Noun

十九

1. nine tenth; the majority

   Alternative forms: 什九, 拾玖

Determiner

十九

1. (Cantonese) umpteen

   十九幾個／十九几个 [Cantonese]  ―  sap⁶ gau² gei² go³ [Jyutping]  ―  umpteen amount(s) of

   • 1993, Flirting Scholar, Stephen Chow (actor):

     對對就本為消閒作樂，今日穿腸兄居然對對對到嘔十九幾兩血，可謂曠古鑠今，小弟拜服拜服！ [Cantonese, trad.]
     对对就本为消闲作乐，今日穿肠兄居然对对对到呕十九几两血，可谓旷古铄今，小弟拜服拜服！ [Cantonese, simp.]

     deoi³ deoi^3-2 zau⁶ bun² wai⁴ siu¹ haan⁴ zok³ lok⁶, gam¹ jat⁶ cyun¹ coeng⁴ hing¹ geoi¹ jin⁴ deoi³ deoi^3-2 deoi³ dou³ au² sap⁶ gau² gei² loeng^5-2 hyut³, ho² wai⁶ kwong³ gu² lik¹ gam¹, siu² dai⁶ baai³ fuk⁶ baai³ fuk⁶! [Jyutping]

     Writing couplets is originally only a form of entertainment, but today Mr. Chuen Cheung is vomiting umpteen amount of blood for it. This is so unprecedented, I admire you!

Japanese

Japanese cardinal numbers

<  18	19	20  >
Cardinal : 十九

Kanji in this term
十	九
じゅう Grade: 1	きゅう Grade: 1
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
十	九
じゅう Grade: 1	く Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じゅうきゅう [jùúkyúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨːkʲɨː]

• (Tokyo) じゅうく [júꜜùkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨːkɯ̟]

Numeral

十(じゅう)九(きゅう) or 十(じゅう)九(く) • (jūkyū or jūku) 

1. nineteen; 19

Coordinate terms

Japanese numbers
Number	Kanji	Kana	Romaji
0	零	れい、ゼロ	rei, zero
1	一、壱、弌、壹	いち	ichi
2	二、弐、貳、貮	に	ni
3	三、参、參	さん	san
4	四、肆	よん、し	yon, shi
5	五、伍	ご	go
6	六、陸	ろく	roku
7	七、漆	なな、しち	nana, shichi
8	八、捌	はち	hachi
9	九、玖	きゅう、く	kyū, ku
10	十、拾	じゅう	jū
100	百、陌、佰	ひゃく	hyaku
1,000	千、阡、仟	せん	sen
10,000	一万、万、一萬、萬	いちまん、まん	ichiman, man
100,000,000	一億、億	いちおく、おく	ichioku, oku

Korean

Hanja in this term
十	九

Numeral

十九 • (sipgu) (hangeul 십구)

1. hanja form^? of 십구 (“nineteen”)