協

See also: 协

協 U+5354, 協 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5354 ← 卓 [U+5353] CJK Unified Ideographs 单 → [U+5355]

㈿ U+323F, ㈿ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ALLIANCE ← ㈾ [U+323E] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㉀ → [U+3240]

Translingual

Han character

協 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+6, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 十大尸尸 (JKSS), four-corner 4402₇, composition ⿰十劦)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2742
• Dae Jaweon: page 357, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 64, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5354

Chinese

trad.		協
simp.		协
alternative forms		恊 旪 叶 㶸

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 協
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (劦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
栛	*reːbs
珕	*reːbs, *rebs
荔	*reːbs, *rebs
脅	*hlams, *hlab
姭	*hlams
搚	*raːb, *raːb
拹	*hlab
愶	*hlab
嗋	*hlab
熁	*hlab
協	*ɦleːb
勰	*ɦleːb
劦	*ɦleːb
叶	*ɦleːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɦleːb): phonetic 十 (OC *ɡjub) + phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb, “to collaborate”) — a variant form of 劦 with a phonetic 十 added.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xié (xie²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xie²

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): xié

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xie̊q

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ще (xi͡ə, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hip³ / hip⁶

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): hit⁸

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiap⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): xiet⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hia̍p

  (Hailu, HRS): hiab^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hiab⁶

• Jin (Wiktionary): xieh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): hiĕ
• Eastern Min (BUC): hiĕk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hieh⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hia̍p

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiab⁸ / hiag⁸

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hiab⁸

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): hip⁵
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁸yiq / ⁸yaq / ⁸yaeq
  • (Jinhua): ⁸iq; ⁸zhiq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xie⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xié
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sié
    • Wade–Giles: hsieh²
    • Yale: syé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
    • Palladius: се (se)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xie²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xie
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛ²¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: xié
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛ²⁴/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: xie̊q
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xieq⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕieʔ⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ще (xi͡ə, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiə²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hip³ / hip⁶
    • Yale: hip / hihp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hip⁸ / hip⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hib³ / hib⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːp̚³/, /hiːp̚²/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: hit⁸
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hit̚²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hiap⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiap̚³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xiet⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯ap̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiab^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /hiap²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hiab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /hiap̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xieh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɛ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hieh⁷
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hia̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiɛʔ⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍p
    • Tâi-lô: hia̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiap
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hiap̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hiap̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiap̚¹²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hiap̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiap̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiab⁸ / hiag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia̍p / hia̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiap̚⁴/, /hiak̚⁴/

Note:

• hiab8 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
• hiag8 - Chenghai.

• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: hiab⁸
  • Sinological IPA: /hiap̚²/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: hip⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hip̚²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Suzhou, Changzhou, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁸yiq
    • MiniDict: yih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhiq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɪʔ¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɦiɪʔ¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦiɪʔ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦiɪʔ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɦiəʔ¹²/
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Fuyang, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁸yaq
    • MiniDict: yah^入
    • MiniDict: yeh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhiaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiaʔ¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɦiaʔ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦiɑʔ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /ɦiɐʔ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦiaʔ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦiɐʔ¹²/
  • (Northern: Songjiang)
    • Wugniu: ⁸yaeq
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɦiæʔ²²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁸iq; ⁸zhiq
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /iəʔ²¹²/, /ʑiəʔ²¹²/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xie⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 協
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦiaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ji²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕieʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/ɕia⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕie²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ɕie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiap̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/hiɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hip̚³/
	Nanning	/hip̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hip̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hiap̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xiɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hiap̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hiap̚³/

---

• Middle Chinese: hep

Rime
Character	協
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	怗 (158)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡頰切
Baxter	hep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛp̚/
Li Rong	/ɣep̚/
Wang Li	/ɣiep̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣiep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jip6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤep/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦleːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	協
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xié
Middle Chinese	‹ hep ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁep/
English	in harmony
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	協
Reading #	1/1
No.	13788
Phonetic component	劦
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	協
Old Chinese	/*ɦleːb/
Notes	劦轉註

Definitions

協

1. to cooperate; to work together; to collaborate
2. to assist; to help
3. harmonious; in amity with
4. united; joint; common

Compounds

• 不協 / 不协
• 停戰協定 / 停战协定
• 協作 / 协作 (xiézuò)
• 協元 / 协元 (Xiéyuán)
• 協力 / 协力 (xiélì)
• 協力同心 / 协力同心 (xiélìtóngxīn)
• 協力車 / 协力车
• 協助 / 协助 (xiézhù)
• 協同 / 协同 (xiétóng)
• 協和 / 协和 (xiéhé)
• 協商 / 协商 (xiéshāng)
• 協奏曲 / 协奏曲 (xiézòuqǔ)
• 協定 / 协定 (xiédìng)
• 協律 / 协律
• 協心 / 协心
• 協會 / 协会 (xiéhuì)
• 協服 / 协服
• 協理 / 协理 (xiélǐ)
• 協約 / 协约 (xiéyuē)
• 協約國 / 协约国 (Xiéyuēguó)
• 協緝 / 协缉
• 協調 / 协调 (xiétiáo)
• 協謀 / 协谋 (xiémóu)
• 協議 / 协议 (xiéyì)
• 協議書 / 协议书 (xiéyìshū)
• 協辦 / 协办 (xiébàn)
• 協防 / 协防
• 協韻 / 协韵 (xiéyùn)
• 協風 / 协风
• 同心協力 / 同心协力 (tóngxīnxiélì)
• 君子協定 / 君子协定 (jūnzǐ xiédìng)
• 和協 / 和协 (héxié)
• 團體協約 / 团体协约
• 大協奏曲 / 大协奏曲
• 大英國協 / 大英国协 (Dàyīng Guóxié)
• 妥協 / 妥协 (tuǒxié)
• 張協 / 张协
• 撥協銀 / 拨协银
• 政協 / 政协 (Zhèngxié)
• 海協會 / 海协会 (Hǎixiéhuì)
• 籃協 / 篮协 (lánxié)
• 紳士協定 / 绅士协定
• 行政協調 / 行政协调
• 軟協 / 软协
• 鋼協 / 钢协 (gāngxié)
• 限武協定 / 限武协定
• 齊心協力 / 齐心协力 (qíxīnxiélì)

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “协”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 261.

Japanese

Alternative forms

• (ryakuji) 𫝓 [U+2B753]

Kanji

協

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. collaboration

Readings

• Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げふ (gefu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}
• Kun: かなう (kanau, 協う)

Compounds

• 協(きょう)会(かい) (kyōkai)
• 協(きょう)議(ぎ) (kyōgi)
• 協(きょう)賛(さん) (kyōsan)
• 協(きょう)奏(そう)曲(きょく) (kyōsōkyoku)
• 協(きょう)調(ちょう) (kyōchō)
• 協(きょう)定(てい) (kyōtei)
• 協(きょう)同(どう) (kyōdō)
• 協(きょう)力(りょく) (kyōryoku)
• 協(きょう)和(わ) (kyōwa)

Korean

Hanja

協 (eum 협 (hyeop))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

協: Hán Nôm readings: hiệp

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.