厲

See also: 厉

厲 U+53B2, 厲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53B2 ← 厱 [U+53B1] CJK Unified Ideographs 厳 → [U+53B3]

Translingual

Han character

厲 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一廿田月 (MTWB), four-corner 7122₇, composition ⿸厂萬)

Derived characters

• 𡂖, 巁, 𢤆, 濿(𪵱), 𤢵, 𬩤, 曞, 櫔, 爄(𤇃), 犡, 𤪲, 禲, 矋, 礪(砺), 𥣭, 𧞵, 糲(粝), 𦆨, 蠣(蛎), 𧭡, 𧸱, 𨇆, 𨯅, 𮩖, 𩧃, 鱱, 𪙺
• 勵(励), 𨞺, 𧢝, 𧖄

References

• KangXi: page 163, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3041
• Dae Jaweon: page 371, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 77, character 17
• Unihan data for U+53B2

Chinese

trad.		厲
simp.		厉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 厲
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
糲	*m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd
犡	*m·raːds, *m·rads
噧	*hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd
邁	*mraːds
勱	*mraːds
蠆	*m̥ʰraːds
厲	*m·rads
勵	*m·rads
礪	*m·rads
蠣	*m·rads
蠇	*m·rads
癘	*m·rads
濿	*m·rads
櫔	*m·rads
巁	*m·rads
贎	*m·rads, *mlans
萬	*mlans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·rads): semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): li
• Jin (Wiktionary): li³
• Min Dong (BUC): lâ̤
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lī / lē

  (Teochew, Peng'im): li⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁶li

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lai⁶
    • Yale: laih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
    • Hakka Romanization System: li
    • Hagfa Pinyim: li⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: li³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁴⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lâ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɑ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī / lē
    • Tâi-lô: lī / lē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: li, le
    • IPA (Xiamen): /li²²/, /le²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹/, /le⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²/, /le²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /li³³/, /le³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /li³³/, /le³³/

Note:

• lī - vernacular;
• lē - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: li⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĭ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wugniu: ⁶li
  • Wiktionary Romanisation: ³li
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljejH

Rime
Character	厲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力制切
Baxter	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liajH/
Li Rong	/liɛiH/
Wang Li	/lĭɛiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]at-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*m·rads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	厲	厲	厲
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì	lì	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ ljejH ›	‹ ljejH ›	‹ ljejH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]at-s/	/*[r]at-s/	/*[r]at-s/
English	cruel	grindstone	epidemic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	厲
Reading #	1/1
No.	12621
Phonetic component	萬
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	例
Old Chinese	/*m·rads/

Definitions

厲

1. fierce; stern
2. severe; strict

   嚴厲／严厉  ―  yánlì  ―  strict; stern; sever

3. ferocious
4. (Classical Chinese) Same as 礪／砺 (lì, “whetstone; to sharpen”).
5. (literary) to encourage; to urge
6. (literary) to raise; to exert
7. ^† Alternative form of 濿／𪵱 (lì, “to ford”)
8. a surname

Compounds

• 再接再厲／再接再厉 (zàijiēzàilì)
• 凌厲／凌厉 (línglì)
• 凌厲攻勢／凌厉攻势
• 厲世摩鈍／厉世摩钝
• 厲兵／厉兵
• 厲兵秣馬／厉兵秣马
• 厲兵粟馬／厉兵粟马
• 厲厲／厉厉 (lìlì)
• 厲吼／厉吼
• 厲害／厉害 (lìhài)
• 厲山／厉山 (Lìshān)
• 厲民／厉民
• 厲疾／厉疾
• 厲神／厉神
• 厲禁／厉禁
• 厲節／厉节
• 厲精／厉精
• 厲精圖治／厉精图治
• 厲精更始／厉精更始
• 厲精求治／厉精求治
• 厲聲／厉声 (lìshēng)
• 厲色／厉色 (lìsè)
• 厲行／厉行 (lìxíng)
• 厲行節約／厉行节约 (lìxíngjiéyuē)
• 厲階／厉阶
• 厲風／厉风 (lìfēng)
• 厲鬼／厉鬼 (lìguǐ)
• 周厲王／周厉王
• 哀厲／哀厉
• 嚴厲／严厉 (yánlì)
• 嚴詞厲色／严词厉色
• 夕惕若厲／夕惕若厉
• 外厲內荏／外厉内荏
• 大厲／大厉
• 夭厲／夭厉 (yāolì)
• 奮發蹈厲／奋发蹈厉
• 妖厲／妖厉
• 峭厲／峭厉
• 峻厲／峻厉
• 崇化厲俗／崇化厉俗
• 帶厲山河／带厉山河
• 帶河厲山／带河厉山
• 幽厲／幽厉
• 惕厲／惕厉
• 慘厲／惨厉 (cǎnlì)
• 揚厲／扬厉
• 摩厲以須／摩厉以须
• 敕厲／敕厉
• 敦世厲俗／敦世厉俗
• 敦風厲俗／敦风厉俗
• 敷張揚厲／敷张扬厉
• 勗厲／勖厉
• 暴厲／暴厉 (bàolì)
• 暴厲之氣／暴厉之气
• 暴厲恣睢／暴厉恣睢
• 橫厲／横厉
• 檢厲／检厉
• 正言厲色／正言厉色
• 正言厲顏／正言厉颜
• 正顏厲色／正颜厉色
• 氛厲／氛厉
• 泰山若厲／泰山若厉
• 淒厲／凄厉 (qīlì)
• 淬厲／淬厉
• 清厲／清厉
• 深厲淺揭／深厉浅揭
• 激厲／激厉 (jīlì)
• 激貪厲俗／激贪厉俗
• 玄厲／玄厉
• 疥厲／疥厉
• 疾言厲色／疾言厉色 (jíyánlìsè)
• 發揚踔厲／发扬踔厉
• 發揚蹈厲／发扬蹈厉
• 皎厲／皎厉
• 盛食厲兵／盛食厉兵
• 矯厲／矫厉
• 磨厲以須／磨厉以须
• 礱厲／砻厉
• 秣馬厲兵／秣马厉兵
• 粗聲厲語／粗声厉语
• 繕甲厲兵／缮甲厉兵
• 聲色俱厲／声色俱厉
• 色厲／色厉
• 色厲內荏／色厉内荏 (sèlìnèirěn)
• 藻厲／藻厉
• 訾厲／訾厉
• 詬厲／诟厉
• 變本加厲／变本加厉 (biànběnjiālì)
• 踔厲風發／踔厉风发
• 蹈厲之志／蹈厉之志
• 蹈厲奮發／蹈厉奋发
• 辭色俱厲／辞色俱厉
• 選士厲兵／选士厉兵
• 鋪張揚厲／铺张扬厉
• 雷厲／雷厉
• 雷厲風行／雷厉风行 (léilìfēngxíng)
• 雷厲風飛／雷厉风飞
• 風厲／风厉
• 飭厲／饬厉

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lài, lì (lai⁴, li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄞˋ, ㄌㄧˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lài
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lài
    • Wade–Giles: lai⁴
    • Yale: lài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
    • Palladius: лай (laj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laɪ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/

Definitions

厲

1. Same as 癩／癞 (lài).

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	厉
Kyūjitai	厲

Kanji

厲

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 厉)

1. whetstone

   Synonym: 礪

2. grind
3. sharpen
4. make an effort to

   Synonym: 励

5. leprosy

   Synonym: 癩

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: らい (rai)^{←らい (rai, historical)}
• Kan-on: らい (rai)^{←らい (rai, historical)}; れい (rei)^{←れい (rei, historical)}
• On: れち (rechi); れつ (retsu)
• Kun: きつい (kitsui); こする (kosuru); と (to, 厲); といし (toishi, 厲); とぐ (togu, 厲ぐ); はげしい (hageshī, 厲しい); はげます (hagemasu, 厲ます); はげむ (hagemu, 厲む)

Compounds

• 厲(らい)疾(しつ) (raishitsu) (癩(らい)疾(しつ))
• 厲(らい)人(じん) (raijin) (癩(らい)人(じん))
• 厲(れい)疫(えき) (reieki)
• 厲(れい)王(おう) (reiō)
• 厲(れい)階(かい) (reikai)
• 厲(れい)鬼(き) (reiki)
• 厲(れい)気(き) (reiki)
• 厲(れい)行(こう) (reikō) (励(れい)行(こう), 礪(れい)行(こう))
• 厲(れい)志(し) (reishi) (励(れい)志(し))
• 厲(れい)疾(しつ) (reishitsu)
• 厲(れい)色(しょく) (reishoku)
• 厲(れい)声(せい) (reisei) (励(れい)声(せい))
• 厲(れい)精(せい) (reisei) (励(れい)精(せい))
• 厲(れい)石(せき) (reiseki)
• 厲(れい)節(せつ) (reisetsu) (励(れい)節(せつ))
• 厲(れい)風(ふう) (reifū)
• 厲(れい)民(みん) (reimin)
• 横(おう)厲(れい) (ōrei)
• 矜(きょう)厲(れい) (kyōrei)
• 矯(きょう)厲(れい) (kyōrei) (矯(きょう)励(れい))
• 虚(きょ)厲(れい) (kyorei)
• 激(げき)厲(れい) (gekirei) (激(げき)励(れい))
• 厳(げん)厲(れい) (genrei)
• 詬(こう)厲(れい) (kōrei)
• 高(こう)厲(れい) (kōrei)
• 刻(こく)厲(れい) (kokurei) (刻(こく)励(れい))
• 淬(さい)厲(れい) (sairei) (淬(さい)励(れい))
• 鑽(さん)厲(れい) (sanrei) (鑽(さん)礪(れい))
• 色(しき)厲(れい) (shikirei)
• 奨(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei) (奨(しょう)励(れい))
• 峭(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei)
• 瘴(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei) (瘴(しょう)癘(れい))
• 砥(し)厲(れい), 厎(し)厲(れい) (shirei) (砥(し)礪(れい))
• 疵(し)厲(れい) (shirei) (疵(し)癘(れい))
• 精(せい)厲(れい) (seirei)
• 藻(そう)厲(れい) (sōrei)
• 率(そつ)厲(れい) (sotsurei) (率(そつ)励(れい))
• 粗(そ)厲(れい) (sorei)
• 飭(ちょく)厲(れい) (chokurei) (勅(ちょく)励(れい), 飭(ちょく)励(れい))
• 督(とく)厲(れい) (tokurei) (督(とく)励(れい))
• 風(ふう)厲(れい) (fūrei)
• 忿(ふん)厲(れい) (funrei)
• 勉(べん)厲(れい) (benrei) (勉(べん)励(れい), 勉(べん)礪(れい))
• 磨(ま)厲(れい) (marei) (磨(ま)礪(れい))
• 凌(りょう)厲(れい) (ryōrei)
• 礱(ろう)厲(れい) (rōrei) (礱(ろう)礪(れい))

 

Korean

Hanja

厲 (eum 려 (ryeo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

厲: Hán Nôm readings: lẹ, lệ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.