口
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See also: 囗 [U+56D7 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56D7], ロ [U+30ED KATAKANA LETTER RO], and ㅁ [U+3141 HANGUL LETTER MIEUM]
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
口 (radical 30, 口+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 口 (R), four-corner 60000, composition ⿰匚丨)
- Kangxi radical #30, ⼝.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №22
Usage notes[edit]
This character (口) is used within characters. If a square is used as an enclosure around another character, then the character 囗 (U+56D7) is used instead.
Derived characters[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- KangXi: page 171, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3227
- Dae Jaweon: page 379, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 566, character 14
- Unihan data for U+53E3
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
口 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𠙵 𠮚 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 口 | |||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – resembles an open mouth.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ku(w) (“mouth”). Cognate with Garo ku'-sik (“mouth”), Tangut 𗋈 (ngu², “mouth”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
口
- (anatomy) mouth (Classifier: 把 c)
- entrance; opening; mouth (of an object)
- hole; cut
- port
- perimeter
- government organ; department
- Classifier for family members, populations and guns.
- Classifier for bites or mouthfuls.
- (neologism, slang) to have oral sex
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 口
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Descendants[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 口 |
| くつ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/kutu/ → /kut͡su/
From Old Japanese. Appears in compound terms listed in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 938 CE.
The ancient combining form of modern reading kuchi.[1] Likely the original form.
No longer productive in modern Japanese. Only found in older compounds.
There are interesting potential phonetic and semantic overlaps with Middle Chinese 窟 (MC kʰuət̚, “hole; cave”), 口 (MC kʰəuX, “mouth; opening; hole”); Korean 굳 (gut), 굿 (gut, “hole; hollow; cavity”); possibly even Ainu クㇳ (kut), クッチ (kutchi, “throat”). One possibility is that these represent prehistoric nativized borrowings from Chinese. However, there is yet no clear evidence of relatedness.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 口 |
| くち Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
*/kutu i/ → /kuti/ → /kut͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kutuy. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]
Shift from kutu above, probably by fusion with ancient nominal particle い (i). Compare the phonetic development of 神 (kami, “spirit, god”) from kamu + i, 木 (ki, “tree”) from ko + i, 目 (me, “eye”) from ma + i.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- mouth
- 1999 July 22, “グレード・ビル [Great Bill]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
- どんなものでも丸飲みできる大きな口を持っている。
- Donna mono de mo marunomi dekiru ōkina kuchi o motteiru.
- Its massive mouth can swallow whole anything whole.
- どんなものでも丸飲みできる大きな口を持っている。
- opening
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 口 |
| く Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 口 (MC kʰəuX). The 呉音 (goon), so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Counter[edit]
- used to count people
- used to count per-person portions
- used to count open-mouthed containers
- used to count bladed weapons or tools
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 口 |
| こう Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 口 (MC kʰəuX). The 漢音 (kan'on), so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Counter[edit]
- used to count people
- used to count bladed weapons or tools
References[edit]
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3532), text here
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
Kunigami[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
口 (hiragana くちー, rōmaji khuchī)
Miyako[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
口 (hiragana ふつ, rōmaji futsu, alternative reading ふィちィ, rōmaji fïchï)
References[edit]
- “ふィちィ【口】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- “フツ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Miyako Dialect Dictionary.
- “ふつ” in Celik Kenan Thibault, Online Miyako Dictionary, 2016.
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms
- 油口 (andaguchi, “compliment”)
- 沖縄口 (uchināguchi, “Okinawan language”)
- ウランダ口 (urandaguchi, “European language, Western language”)
- 書ち口 (kachiguchi, “written language”)
- 口しば (kuchishiba, “lips”)
- 島口 (shimaguchi, “island language, local language”)
- 唐口 (tōguchi, “Chinese language”)
- 那覇口 (nāfaguchi, “Naha dialect”)
- 目口 (mīkuchi, “facial expression”)
- 大和口 (yamatuguchi, “standard Japanese language”)
References[edit]
- “ぐち【口】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- “クチ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
口: Hán Việt readings: khẩu[1][2]
口: Nôm readings: khẩu[1][2]
References[edit]
Yaeyama[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
口 (hiragana ふつぃ, rōmaji futsï)
Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Categories:
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- ja:Buddhism
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- xug:Anatomy
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