口
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
口 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 口 (R), four-corner 60000, composition ⿱冂一)
- Kangxi radical #30, ⼝.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №22
Usage notes[edit]
This character (口) is used within characters. If a square is used as an enclosure around another character, then the character 囗 (U+56D7
) is used instead.
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/口
- 㐰, 加, 𫭙, 如, 𪪺, 扣, 𬇖, 𨑕, 𪱳, 𣬣, 𤘘, 知, 𬖏, 𫃜, 𦒵, 𦔻, 𧥣(𬣚), 𧺚, 釦(𬬪), 卟, 𨙫, 鳴(鸣), 𪚩
- 兄, 𢗀, 𣬦, 肙, 足, 𭯶, 𤆗, 邑, 𭺲, 𤿌, 𡶸, 黾, 虽, 𧘗, 𨈗
- 占, 夻, 𡥄, 𢀛, 舌, 𦬅, 𣅊, 杏, 𣬧, 𬉸, 𭶻, 言, 𬽅, 𧮫, 谷, 𠔌, 𣄮, 𬔭, 𠭀, 𨈖, 軎, 害, 兽, 噕, 轡(辔), 石, 𡰪, 𢇞, 𫊝, 倉, 𫸧, 戓, 耉, 冋, 问, 冏, 局, 尚, 回, 中
Further reading[edit]
- KangXi: page 171, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3227
- Dae Jaweon: page 379, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 566, character 14
- Unihan data for U+53E3
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
口 | |
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alternative forms | 𠙵 𠮚 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 口 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – resembles an open mouth.
In the oracle bone script, radical 口 is used for characters having abstract meanings. Such a character can have a figurative meaning derived from the phonetic part, e.g. 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right”) = 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) + 口 and 𪪺 (“strong; powerful”) = 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ, “bow”) + 口, or be an unrelated borrowing, e.g. 否 (OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ, “no”) = 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “calyx”) + 口.
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ku(w) (“mouth”). Cognate with Garo ku·sik (“mouth”), Tangut 𗋈 (ngu², “mouth”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
口
- (anatomy) mouth, especially the lips and internal mouth cavity (Classifier: 把 c)
- entrance; opening; mouth (of an object)
- gateway
- hole; cut
- port
- perimeter
- government organ; department
- Classifier for family members, populations and guns.
- Classifier for bites or mouthfuls.
- (neologism, slang) to fellate
- A surname.
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 口 – see 名 (“name; given name; etc.”). (This character, 口, is an ancient form of 名.) |
References[edit]
- “口”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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口 |
くつ Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
/kutu/ → /kut͡su/
From Old Japanese. Appears in compound terms listed in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 938 CE.
The ancient combining form of modern reading kuchi.[1] Likely the original form.
No longer productive in modern Japanese. Only found in older compounds.
There are interesting potential phonetic and semantic overlaps with Middle Chinese 窟 (MC kʰuət̚, “hole; cave”), 口 (MC kʰəuX, “mouth; opening; hole”); Korean 굳 (gut), 굿 (gut, “hole; hollow; cavity”); possibly even Ainu クㇳ (kut), クッチ (kutchi, “throat”). One possibility is that these represent prehistoric nativized borrowings from Chinese. However, there is yet no clear evidence of relatedness.
Pronunciation[edit]
- The pitch accent is derived from the entire compound word.
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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口 |
くち Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
*/kutu i/ → /kuti/ → /kut͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kutuy. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]
Shift from kutu above, probably by fusion with ancient nominal particle い (i). Compare the phonetic development of 神 (kami, “spirit, god”) from kamu + i, 木 (ki, “tree”) from ko + i, 目 (me, “eye”) from ma + i.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- mouth
- 1999 July 22, “グレード・ビル [Great Bill]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
- どんなものでも丸飲みできる大きな口を持っている。
- Donna mono de mo marunomi dekiru ōkina kuchi o motteiru.
- Its massive mouth can swallow whole anything whole.
- どんなものでも丸飲みできる大きな口を持っている。
- opening
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.- 書き口
- kakikuchi
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 書き口
- taste (in food), preference
- 日本人の口に合わせた料理
- Nihonjin no kuchi ni awaseta ryōri
- food adapted to Japanese tastes
- 日本人の口に合わせた料理
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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口 |
く Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 口 (MC kʰəuX). The 呉音 (goon), so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Counter[edit]
- used to count people
- used to count per-person portions
- used to count open-mouthed containers
- used to count bladed weapons or tools
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
口 |
こう Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 口 (MC kʰəuX). The 漢音 (kan'on), so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Counter[edit]
- used to count people
- used to count bladed weapons or tools
References[edit]
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3532), text here
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 口 (MC kʰəuX).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (in 口文, 口錢, and 口硬):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
- (mouth; entrance; hole; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [구(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 인구 (人口, in'gu)
- 가구 (家口, gagu)
- 구결 (口訣, gugyeol)
- 구호 (口號, guho)
- 창구 (窓口, changgu)
- 함구 (緘口, hamgu)
- 구실 (口實, gusil)
- 구미 (口味, gumi)
- 항구 (港口, hanggu)
- 입구 (入口, ipgu)
- 구술 (口述, gusul)
- 금구 (噤口, geumgu)
- 구두 (口頭, gudu)
- 출구 (出口, chulgu)
- 하구 (河口, hagu)
- 대구 (大口, daegu)
- 구화 (口話, guhwa)
- 식구 (食口, sikgu)
- 구전 (口錢, gujeon)
- 구문 (口文, gumun)
- 구어 (口語, gueo)
- 구전 (口傳, gujeon)
- 화구 (火口, hwagu)
- 포구 (浦口, pogu)
- 강구 (江口, ganggu)
- 도구 (渡口, dogu)
- 구순 (口脣, gusun)
- 구령 (口令, guryeong)
- 구수 (口數, gusu)
- 갱구 (坑口, gaenggu)
- 구강 (口腔, gugang)
- 구설 (口舌, guseol)
- 호구 (戶口, hogu)
- 경구 (經口, gyeonggu)
- 구각 (口角, gugak)
- 구답 (口答, gudap)
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Kunigami[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
口 (hiragana くちー, rōmaji khuchī)
Miyako[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
口 (hiragana ふつ, rōmaji futsu, alternative reading ふィちィ, rōmaji fïchï)
References[edit]
- “ふィちィ【口】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- “フツ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Miyako Dialect Dictionary.
- “ふつ” in Celik Kenan Thibault, Online Miyako Dictionary, 2016.
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 油口 (andaguchi, “compliment”)
- 沖縄口 (uchināguchi, “Okinawan language”)
- ウランダ口 (urandaguchi, “European language, Western language”)
- 書ち口 (kachiguchi, “written language”)
- 口しば (kuchishiba, “lips”)
- 島口 (shimaguchi, “island language, local language”)
- 唐口 (tōguchi, “Chinese language”)
- 那覇口 (nāfaguchi, “Naha dialect”)
- 目口 (mīkuchi, “facial expression”)
- 大和口 (yamatuguchi, “standard Japanese language”)
References[edit]
- “ぐち【口】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- “クチ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
口: Hán Việt readings: khẩu[1][2]
口: Nôm readings: khẩu[1][2]
References[edit]
Yaeyama[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
口 (hiragana ふつぃ, rōmaji futsï)
Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
口
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
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