司

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司 U+53F8, 司
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F8
← 号
[U+53F7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 叹 →
[U+53F9]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes
Stroke order
司-order.gif

Han character[edit]

司 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 尸一口 (SMR), four-corner 17620, composition ⿹𠃌𠮛)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 174, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3257
  • Dae Jaweon: page 385, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 572, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+53F8

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 司

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (司) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
司 *slɯ
伺 *slɯ, *slɯs
覗 *slɯ, *slɯs
笥 *slɯ, *slɯs
詞 *ljɯ
祠 *ljɯ
柌 *ljɯ
嗣 *ljɯs
孠 *ljɯs
飼 *ljɯs
呞 *hljɯ

Unknown.

Shuowen: 后 flipped.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zə; cognate with Proto-Kukish */ca/, Mru caŋ (“to do, to make”), & Tibetan [script needed] (mdzad.pa), [script needed] (mdzod), from underlying */m-za-t/ "to do, to act", possibly also related to [script needed] (bzo, “work, labour”) (Schuessler, 2007).̈ Schuessler disputes Löffler's (1966) proposed connection to 乍 (OC *zraːɡs, “to do, work, make”) due to phonological difficulties.

Unger (1984) posits a possible relationship with Tibetan [script needed] (rdzi.po, “herdsman”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sir/su/si (Jinjiang, Philippines) - literary;
  • si/sai - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 司
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 之 (19)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息兹切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɨ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɨ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sie/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sɨ/
    Li
    Rong         		/siə/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭə/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		si1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 司
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ si ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-lə/
    English superintend

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 司
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11951
    Phonetic
    component         		司
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		思
    Old
    Chinese         		/*slɯ/

    Definitions[edit]

    司

    1. to take charge of; to control; to manage
    2. officer; official
    3. A surname​.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 司

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    司

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. an official, a director, a boss

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    司
    つかさ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 司 – see the following entry.
    【つかさ】
    [noun] 官, 司, 長, 首, 宰: a manager, a headman, a foreman; an official; government service
    [noun] 阜, 司: a small hill
    [proper noun] 長: a unisex given name
    [proper noun] 長: a surname
    Alternative spellings
    官, 司, 長, 首, 宰, 阜
    (This term, 司, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    司
    まもる
    Grade: 4
    nanori
    For pronunciation and definitions of 司 – see まもる.
    (This term, 司, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

    (The following entry is uncreated: まもる.)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    司
    みこともち
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 司 – see the following entry.
    【みこともち】
    [noun] (archaic, possibly obsolete, historical) in ancient Japan prior to the Taika Reform, a governor appointed by the emperor to carry out imperial policies in the provinces
    Alternative spellings
    宰, 司
    (This term, 司, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    司 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    司: Hán Nôm readings: ti, tư, tơ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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