司

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司 U+53F8, 司
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F8
← 号
[U+53F7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 叹 →
[U+53F9]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

司 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 尸一口 (SMR), four-corner 17620, composition ⿹𠃌𠮛)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 174, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3257
  • Dae Jaweon: page 385, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 572, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+53F8

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 司
alternative forms 𤔲

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 司
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (司) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
司 *slɯ
伺 *slɯ, *slɯs
覗 *slɯ, *slɯs
笥 *slɯ, *slɯs
詞 *ljɯ
祠 *ljɯ
柌 *ljɯ
嗣 *ljɯs
孠 *ljɯs
飼 *ljɯs
呞 *hljɯ

Unknown.

Shuowen: 后 flipped.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zə; cognate with Proto-Kukish */ca/, Mru caŋ (“to do, to make”), & Tibetan [script needed] (mdzad.pa), [script needed] (mdzod), from underlying */m-za-t/ "to do, to act", possibly also related to [script needed] (bzo, “work, labour”) (Schuessler, 2007).̈ Schuessler disputes Löffler's (1966) proposed connection to 乍 (OC *zraːɡs, “to do, work, make”) due to phonological difficulties.

Unger (1984) posits a possible relationship with Tibetan [script needed] (rdzi.po, “herdsman”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sir/su/si (Jinjiang, Philippines) - literary;
  • si/sai - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 司
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 之 (19)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息兹切
    Baxter si
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɨ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɨ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sie/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sɨ/
    Li
    Rong         		/siə/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭə/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		si1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 司
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ si ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-lə/
    English superintend

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 司
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11951
    Phonetic
    component         		司
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		思
    Old
    Chinese         		/*slɯ/

    Definitions[edit]

    司

    1. to take charge of; to control; to manage
    2. officer; official
    3. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    司

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. an official, a director, a boss

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    司
    つかさ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 司 – see the following entry.
    【つかさ】
    [noun] 阜, 司: a small hill
    Alternative spelling
    阜
    (This term, 司, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    司
    まもる
    Grade: 4
    nanori

    Proper noun[edit]

    司(まもる) • (Mamoru) 

    1. a male given name

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    司
    みこともち
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 司 – see the following entry.
    【みこともち】
    [noun] (archaic, possibly obsolete, historical) in ancient Japan prior to the Taika Reform, a governor appointed by the emperor to carry out imperial policies in the provinces
    Alternative spelling
    宰
    (This term, 司, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    司 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    司: Hán Nôm readings: ti, tư, tơ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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