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呂

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 吕 and 㠯
呂 U+5442, 呂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5442
← 呁
[U+5441] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 呃 →
[U+5443]
呂 U+F980, 呂
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F980
← 勵
[U+F97F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 女 →
[U+F981]

Translingual

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Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

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呂 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口竹口 (RHR), four-corner 60600, composition ⿳口丿口)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 181, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3386
  • Dae Jaweon: page 398, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 577, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5442

Chinese

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trad. 呂
simp. 吕*
alternative forms 膂 spine
膐 spine

Glyph origin

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Ji Xusheng (2014): Pictogram (象形): two blocks of metal. Original form of 鋁 (“ingot”). Later incorporated into 金 (“metal”) as a semantic component.

Shuowen interprets it as a pictogram of two vertebrae. However, the two blocks were originally disconnected, and the connecting line was only added in the seal script.

Later phonetically borrowed as an instance of jiajie (假借) to represent 膂 (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “spine”) and 呂 (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “music notes”). The character was later also borrowed and stylized for 予 (OC *la, *laʔ, “I; give”).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ra-t (“bone”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lū/lǐr/lī/līr - vernacular, and for surname;
  • lú/lír/lí - literary.
Note:
  • le6 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
  • lu6 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
Note:
  • 3li - vernacular;
  • 3ly - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 呂
    Mandarin Beijing /ly²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ly²¹³/
    Tianjin /luei¹³/
    /ly¹³/
    Jinan /ly⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ly⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ly⁵³/
    Xi'an /ly⁵³/
    Xining /l̩ʷ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ly⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ly⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ly⁵¹/
    Wuhan /y⁴²/
    Chengdu /ny⁵³/
    Guiyang /ni⁴²/
    Kunming /luei⁵³/
    Nanjing /ly²¹²/
    Hefei /zz̩ʷ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /ly⁵³/
    Pingyao /luei⁵³/
    Hohhot /ly⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /ly²³/
    Suzhou /li³¹/
    Hangzhou /lz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /løy³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /ly³⁵/
    Tunxi /li³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /lei⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /nəi⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /li²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /li⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /li²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /løy²³/
    Nanning /ly²⁴/
    Hong Kong /løy¹³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lu⁵³/
    /lu²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ly³²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ly²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /lɯ³⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /li³¹/
    Rime
    Character 呂
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 力舉切
    Baxter ljoX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/liɔX/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭoX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/li̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lǚ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		leoi5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 呂
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lǚ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljoX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]aʔ/
    English spine; pitch-pipe

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 呂
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8579
    Phonetic
    component         		呂
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		吕
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡ·raʔ/
    Notes 甲金文象鑄青銅器用的鋌塊，
    中不連，非膂初文

    Definitions

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    呂

    1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, anatomy) spine
    2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, music) even-numbered notes in shí'èrlǜ
    3. Lü, a state in China that existed in the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period
    4. a surname
      呂布／吕布  ―  Lǚ Bù  ―  Lü Bu (Chinese military general and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty)

    Descendants

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    • → English: Lu, Lü, Lui, Lv, Lyu, Loo, Luy, Lou, Lew

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    呂

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. spine
    2. backbone

    Readings

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    • Go-on: ろ (ro, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: りょ (ryo)←りよ (ryo, historical)
    • Kun: せぼね (sebone, 呂)
    • Nanori: おと (oto)、とも (tomo)、なが (naga)

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    呂
    せぼね
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 呂 – see the following entry.
    【背骨せぼね】
    [noun] [from late 1100s] backbone (series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord)
    (This term, 呂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    呂
    りょ
    Grade: S
    kan'on

    From Middle Chinese 呂 (MC ljoX).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    呂(りょ) • (ryo) ←りよ (ryo)?

    1. This term needs a translation to English (something music-y? I don't understand Japanese music terms enough to feel comfortable writing a def for this. see also borrowing into English ryo). Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Proper noun

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    呂(りょ) • (Ryo) ←りよ (Ryo)?

    1. an orthographic borrowing of the Chinese surname 呂 / 吕 (lǚ), Lü

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    呂 (eum 려 (ryeo))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    呂: Hán Việt readings: lã[1][2][3], lữ[2][4][5][6][7]
    呂: Nôm readings: lả[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], lỡ[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], trả[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], lã[1][2][4][5][6][7], lữa[1][2][3][6][7], trở[1][2][5][6][7], rả[2][3][4][6], rứa[2][3][4][6], lở[1][2][6], rỡ[1][6][7], lạ[1][2], rã[1][6], rữa[1][7], lửa[1], lớ[2], lử[3], lứa[6], rứ[6], rử[6], lọ[7]

    1. chữ Hán form of Lã (“a surname from Chinese”)
    2. chữ Hán form of Lữ (“a surname from Chinese”)
    3. chữ Nôm form of lã
      1. (only in compounds) cold, unboiled
      2. used in lã chã (“continuously; uninterruptedly”)
    4. chữ Nôm form of lạ (“strange; unfamiliar”)
    5. chữ Nôm form of lở (“to break up and fall down; to tumble down; to crumble; to collapse”)
    6. chữ Nôm form of lỡ (“to do something inadvertently; to do by mistake; to miss”)
    7. chữ Nôm form of lửa (“fire”)
    8. chữ Nôm form of lữa (“used in lần lữa (“to procrastinate”)”)
    9. chữ Nôm form of rã (“to dissolve, to decay, to decompose”)
    10. chữ Nôm form of rỡ (“brilliant; sparkling”)
    11. chữ Nôm form of rữa (“to decompose”)
    12. chữ Nôm form of trả (“to return; to give back”)
    13. chữ Nôm form of trở (“to turn, to change”)

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 Trần (2004).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Hồ (1976).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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