咳嗽
Chinese
[edit]| cough; sound of sighing | cough | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (咳嗽) |
咳 | 嗽 | |
| alternative forms | 加嗽 Hokkien 膠嗽／胶嗽 Teochew 咁嗽 Leizhou Min | ||
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ke2 sou4
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): kěsou
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kat1 sau3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): kat2 lheu1
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kat1 sau3
- Gan (Wiktionary): kiet6 seu4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): kah4 sou3
- Northern Min (KCR): kă̤-se̿
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 7kheq-seu5 / 7khoq-seu5 / 7kheq-soe5 / 7khoq-soe5
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ke6 sou4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: késou
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊ ˙ㄙㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: késo̊u
- Wade–Giles: kʻo2-sou5
- Yale: ké-sou
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker.sou
- Palladius: кэсоу (kɛsou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ³⁵ soʊ̯³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: késòu
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊ ㄙㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: késòu
- Wade–Giles: kʻo2-sou4
- Yale: ké-sòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kersow
- Palladius: кэсоу (kɛsou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ³⁵ soʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ke2 sou4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kesou
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛ²¹ səu²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: kěsou
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ²¹ sɤu/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: kat1 sau3
- Yale: kāt sau
- Cantonese Pinyin: kat7 sau3
- Guangdong Romanization: ked1 seo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐt̚⁵ sɐu̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kat2 lheu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰat̚⁵⁵ ɬeu³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: kiet6 seu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiɛt̚⁵ sɛu³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiet-chhu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: kiedˋ cug
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiad5 cug6
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯et̚² t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: kah4 sou3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰaʔ² səu⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kă̤-se̿
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛ²⁴ se³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâi-sàu
- Tâi-lô: hâi-sàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: haisaux
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai²³⁻³³ sau²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hai²⁴⁻¹¹ sau¹¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khâm-sàu
- Tâi-lô: khâm-sàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: qamsaux
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰam²⁴⁻¹¹ sau¹¹/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam²³⁻³³ sau²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ga1 sao3 / hai6 sao3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ka sàu / hăi sàu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka³³⁻²³ sau²¹³/, /hai³⁵⁻¹¹ sau²¹³/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: ga1 sao3
- Sinological IPA: /ka³⁵⁻³³ sau²¹/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ke6 sou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ̞²⁴ səu̯⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
Verb
[edit]咳嗽
- (intransitive) to cough
- (Classical, figurative) to make a sound; to speak
Synonyms
[edit]- (to cough):
Dialectal synonyms of 咳嗽 (“to cough”) [map]
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 咳 | 嗽 |
| がい Hyōgai |
そう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Verb
[edit]咳嗽する • (gaisō suru) ←がいそう (gaisou)?suru (stem 咳嗽し (gaisō shi), past 咳嗽した (gaisō shita))
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 咳嗽し | がいそうし | gaisō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 咳嗽し | がいそうし | gaisō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 咳嗽する | がいそうする | gaisō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 咳嗽する | がいそうする | gaisō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 咳嗽すれ | がいそうすれ | gaisō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 咳嗽せよ¹ 咳嗽しろ² |
がいそうせよ¹ がいそうしろ² |
gaisō seyo¹ gaisō shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 咳嗽される | がいそうされる | gaisō sareru |
| Causative | 咳嗽させる 咳嗽さす |
がいそうさせる がいそうさす |
gaisō saseru gaisō sasu |
| Potential | 咳嗽できる | がいそうできる | gaisō dekiru |
| Volitional | 咳嗽しよう | がいそうしよう | gaisō shiyō |
| Negative | 咳嗽しない | がいそうしない | gaisō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 咳嗽せず | がいそうせず | gaisō sezu |
| Formal | 咳嗽します | がいそうします | gaisō shimasu |
| Perfective | 咳嗽した | がいそうした | gaisō shita |
| Conjunctive | 咳嗽して | がいそうして | gaisō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 咳嗽すれば | がいそうすれば | gaisō sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
[edit]- “▲咳▲嗽”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
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