喘

喘 U+5598, 喘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5598 ← 喗 [U+5597] CJK Unified Ideographs 喙 → [U+5599]

Translingual

Han character

喘 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 口山一月 (RUMB), four-corner 6202₇, composition ⿰口耑)

1. pant, gasp, breathe heavily

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 198, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3946
• Dae Jaweon: page 420, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 655, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5598

Chinese

simp. and trad.		喘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 喘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
揣	*toːlʔ, *sʰrolʔ
褍	*toːlʔ, *toːn
惴	*tjols
圌	*djol, *djon
篅	*djol, *djon
瑞	*djols
端	*toːn
剬	*toːn, *tjonʔ
偳	*toːn, *tʰoːn
鍴	*toːn
耑	*toːn
踹	*toːns, *djonʔ
湍	*tʰoːn, *tjon
煓	*tʰoːn
貒	*tʰoːn, *tʰoːns
諯	*stʰons, *tjon, *tʰjons, *djon
顓	*tjon
喘	*tʰjonʔ
遄	*djon
輲	*djon
椯	*djon
歂	*djon, *djonʔ
腨	*djonʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰjonʔ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chuǎn (chuan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhón

  (Hailu, HRS): chon^ˊ

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): chung³

• Eastern Min (BUC): chuāng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhoán

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cuêng² / cuang²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻuan³
    • Yale: chwǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choan
    • Palladius: чуань (čuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cyun²
    • Yale: chyún
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn²
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhón
    • Hakka Romanization System: con^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: con³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰon³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: chon^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰon²⁴/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: chung³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰuŋ⁴²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chuāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuaŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoán
    • Tâi-lô: tshuán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoarn
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰuan⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuan⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuan⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuan⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuan⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cuêng² / cuang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuéng / tshuáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰueŋ⁵²/, /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵²/

Note:

• cuêng2 - Chaozhou;
• cuang2 - Shantou, Jieyang.

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• Middle Chinese: tsyhwenX

Rime
Character	喘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	昌兖切
Baxter	tsyhwenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiuᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰʷiɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjuænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰwianX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiuɛnX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭwɛnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯wɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tʰ]orʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjonʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	喘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhwenX ›
Old Chinese	/*[tʰ]orʔ/
English	to pant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	喘
Reading #	1/1
No.	2517
Phonetic component	耑
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	舛
Old Chinese	/*tʰjonʔ/

Definitions

喘

1. to pant; to gasp
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to breathe
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) breath; breathing

Derived terms

• 哮喘 (xiàochuǎn)
• 喘息 (chuǎnxī)
• 喘氣 / 喘气 (chuǎnqì)
• 怦怦喘 (phēⁿ-phēⁿ-chhoán) (Min Nan)
• 氣喘 / 气喘 (qìchuǎn)
• 氣喘吁吁 (qìchuǎnxūxū)
• 氣喘如牛 / 气喘如牛 (qìchuǎnrúniú)
• 苟延殘喘 / 苟延残喘 (gǒuyáncánchuǎn)

References

• “喘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “喘”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 88.

Japanese

Kanji

喘

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. pant
2. gasp
3. breathe hard

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen)
• Kan-on: せん (sen)
• Kan’yō-on: ぜん (zen)、ぜい (zei)
• Kun: あえぐ (aegu, 喘ぐ)、せく (seku, 喘く)、せき (seki, 喘)

Korean

Hanja

喘 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

喘: Hán Nôm readings: suyễn, suyển, siễn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.