囚

囚	U+56DA, 囚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56DA

Translingual

Han character

囚 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+2, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 田人 (WO), four-corner 6080₀, composition ⿴囗人)

Derived characters

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 216, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4680
Dae Jaweon: page 439, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 710, character 13
Unihan data for U+56DA

Chinese

simp. and trad.		囚
alternative forms		𡆢团𡆥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 囚
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (囚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鮂	ʔslu, lju
囚	*lju
泅	*lju
苬	*lju

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 囗 (“box, enclosure”) + 人 (“person”) – an enclosed person: confinement, prisoner. Similar but unrelated to 因. Unrelated to 𥁕.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qiú (qiu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiu²

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): qiú
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cau⁴

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): caau⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): tiau³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siù
Jin (Wiktionary): xiou¹ / qiou¹
Eastern Min (BUC): chiù
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): siu²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siû

(Teochew, Peng'im): ciu⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jieu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jiou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiú
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cióu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiu²
  - Yale: chyóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyou
  - Palladius: цю (cju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xiu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiəu²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: qiú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiɤu²⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cau⁴
  - Yale: chàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ceo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: caau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: tiau³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiau²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siù
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiu²
  - Sinological IPA: /si̯u¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xiou¹ / qiou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəu¹¹/, /t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chiù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰieu⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: siu²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: siú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: siu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiu²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siû
  - Tâi-lô: siû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siuu
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siu²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siu²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siu²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ciu⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiû
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶jieu
  - MiniDict: jieu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiɤ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jiou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯əu̯¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 囚
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰiou³⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiou⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰiou⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰiou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/siou⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiou²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiɯ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰiəu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiou⁵³/ /t͡ɕʰiou⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰiɤu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰiəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕiəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰiəu²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰiəɯ²⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiɯ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑiɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/zɤ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiø²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑɤu³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡siəu¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡ziəɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/siu¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɐu²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɐu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɐu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siu³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰieu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰiu²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/siu³¹/ /sɔu³¹/

Middle Chinese: zjuw

Rime
Character	囚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	似尤切
Baxter	zjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ziu/
Shao Rongfen	/ziəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zuw/
Li Rong	/ziu/
Wang Li	/zĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.lu/

(Zhengzhang): /*lju/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	囚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiú
Middle Chinese	‹ zjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.lu/
English	prisoner
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	囚
Reading #	1/1
No.	10554
Phonetic component	囚
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*lju/

Definitions

囚

prisoner, convict
to confine, to imprison

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 囚犯 (“prisoner”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		囚
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		囚犯, 囚徒, 犯人
Northeastern Mandarin	Harbin	犯人
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	犯人
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	犯人
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	犯人
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	犯人
	Wanrong	犯人
	Xi'an	犯人
	Xining	犯人
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	犯人
	Lanzhou	犯人
	Ürümqi	犯人
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	坐班房的, 坐牢的, 犯人
	Wuhan	犯人
	Guiyang	犯人
	Liuzhou	犯人
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	犯人
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	犯人
Cantonese	Guangzhou	犯, 監犯, 監躉
	Hong Kong	監犯, 監躉, 犯
	Taishan	監犯
	Dongguan	監犯, 監躉
Gan	Nanchang	犯人
	Lichuan	犯人
	Pingxiang	犯人
Hakka	Meixian	犯人, 監犯
	Yudu	犯人
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	囚犯
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	囚犯
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	囚犯
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	囚犯
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	囚犯
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	犯人
Huizhou	Jixi	犯人
Jin	Taiyuan	犯人, 囚犯
Jin	Xinzhou	犯人
Northern Min	Jian'ou	犯人
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	監囚, 監犯
Southern Min	Xiamen	監犯, 監囚
	Zhangzhou	監囚, 監犯
	Shantou	犯人, 監犯
	Haikou	監犯
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	犯人
Wu	Shanghai	吃官司人, 犯人, 囚犯
	Shanghai (Chongming)	犯人
	Suzhou	犯人, 吃監牢個
	Hangzhou	犯人
	Ningbo	牢監犯, 犯人
	Wenzhou	犯人
	Jinhua	犯人
Xiang	Changsha	犯人
Xiang	Loudi	犯人

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (囚):

→ Vietnamese: tù (囚)

References

“囚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “囚”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 192.

Japanese

Kanji

囚

(Jōyō kanji)

to catch, to capture, to arrest; criminal

Readings

Go-on: じゅ (ju)^{←じゆ (zyu, historical)}
Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)^{←しう (siu, historical)}
Kun: とらえる (toraeru, 囚える)^{←とらへる (toraferu, 囚へる, historical)}、とらわれる (torawareru, 囚われる)^{←とらはれる (torafareru, 囚はれる, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

囚 • (su) (hangeul 수)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

囚: Hán Nôm readings: tù

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.